nova southeastern university, college of pharmacy
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Amalis Hernandez Cabrera July 4, 2017
Nova Southeastern University, College of Pharmacy
Walgreens, Palm Beach Gardens
Most dispense drugs in the pharmacy:
1)Lidocane
Uses:
This medication is used on the skin to stop itching and pain from certain skin conditions (e.g.,
scrapes, minor burns, eczema, insect bites) and to treat minor discomfort and itching caused
by hemorrhoids and certain other problems of the genital/anal area (e.g., anal fissures, itching
around the vagina/rectum). Some forms of this medication are also used to decrease discomfort
or pain during certain medical procedures/exams (e.g., sigmoidoscopy, cystoscopy). Lidocaine is
a local anesthetic that works by causing temporary numbness/loss of feeling in the skin
and mucous membranes.
Side Effects:
Nausea, vomiting, headache, abdominal cramps/bloating, breast tenderness, swelling of
the ankles/feet (retaining fluid), or weight change may occur. If any of these effects persist or
worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
Many women will not have regular periods while taking this medication. This is normal. Vaginal
bleeding/spotting is likely to occur, especially during the first few months of use. If bleeding is
unusually heavy or lasts for more than 7 days in a row, contact your doctor promptly.
This medication may raise your blood pressure. Check your blood pressure regularly and tell
your doctor if the results are high.
Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: lumps in the breast,
mental/mood changes (such as new/worsening depression), unusual changes in vaginal bleeding
(such as continuous spotting, sudden heavy bleeding), severe pain in
the stomach/abdomen/pelvis, dark urine, yellowing eyes/skin.
Precautions:
Before using lidocaine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to other amide
type anesthetics (e.g., bupivacaine, prilocaine); or if you have any other allergies. This product
may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to
your pharmacist for more details. Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist
your medical history, especially of: broken skin/infection in the area where lidocaine is to be
used, heart disease, liver disease.
Caution is advised when using this drug in children because they may be more sensitive to the
side effects of the drug. During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly
needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.
This medication passes into breast milk, but is unlikely to harm a nursing infant. Consult your
doctor before breast-feeding.
Interactions:
Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side
effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the
products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it
with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines
without your doctor's approval.
2) Zaleplon
Uses:
Short-term treatment of insomnia.
Zaleplon is a hypnotic agent. It works by depressing the central nervous system (brain), causing
drowsiness to aid in falling asleep.
Side Effects:
Dizziness, drowsiness, short-term memory loss, or lack of coordination may occur, especially
during the first 2 hours after you take the medication. Taking the medication properly just before
falling asleep will reduce your risk of these effects. If any of these effects persist or worsen,
notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
Tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: mental/mood
changes (e.g., agitation, confusion, seeing/hearing things that are not there, rare thoughts
of suicide), unusual behavior.
Rarely, after taking this drug, people have gotten out of bed and driven vehicles while not fully
awake ("sleep-driving"). People have also sleepwalked, prepared/eaten food, made phone calls,
or had sex while not fully awake. Often, these people do not remember these events. This
problem can be dangerous to you or to others. If you find out that you have done any of these
activities after taking this medication, tell your doctor right away. Your risk is increased if you
use alcohol or other medicationsthat can make you drowsy while taking zaleplon.
A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention
if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling
(especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.
Interactions:
Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side
effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the
products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it
with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines
without your doctor's approval. Some products that may interact with this drug
include: melatonin, drugs affecting liver enzymes that remove zaleplon from your body (e.g.,
azole antifungals such as ketoconazole, cimetidine, rifamycins such as rifabutin/rifampin, certain
anti-seizuremedicines such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital), sodium oxybate.
The risk of serious side effects (such as slow/shallow breathing, severe drowsiness/dizziness)
may be increased if this medication is taken with other products that may also cause drowsiness
or breathing problems. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking other products such
as opioid pain or cough relievers (such as codeine, hydrocodone), alcohol, other drugs
for sleep or anxiety (such as alprazolam, lorazepam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants (such
as carisoprodol, cyclobenzaprine), or antihistamines (such as cetirizine, diphenhydramine).
Precautions:
Do NOT use zaleplon if you are allergic to any ingredient in zaleplon,
you are taking sodium oxybate (GHB) .Before taking zaleplon, tell your doctor or pharmacist if
you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive
ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for
more details. Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history,
especially of: liver problems, very high/low blood pressure, breathing
problems (e.g., asthma), depression, history of drug/alcohol abuse. This drug may make you
dizzy or drowsy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness until you
are sure you can perform such activities safely. Avoid alcoholic beverages. Before having
surgery, tell your doctor or dentist that you are using this medication. Older adults may be more
sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially memory problems, confusion, dizziness, lack
of coordination. Dizziness and lack of coordination can increase the risk of falling. This
medication should be used only when clearly needed during pregnancy. Discuss the risks and
benefits with your doctor.
3) Nitroglycerin (Sublingual tablet)
Use:
Treating high blood pressure during surgery, controlling congestive heart failure associated with
heart attack, treating chest pain in certain patients, and lowering blood pressure during surgery.
Nitroglycerin is a nitrate. It works by relaxing (widening) blood vessels. Chest pain occurs when
the heart needs more oxygen than it can get. Relaxing blood vessels allows blood to flow more
easily. This reduces the heart's workload and the amount of oxygen needed by the heart.
Side Effects:
Bloating or swelling of the face, arms, hands, lower legs, or feet, burning, crawling, itching,
numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings, difficult or labored
breathing, feeling faint, dizzy, or lightheadedness, feeling of warmth or heat, flushing or redness
of the skin, especially on the face and neck, headache, rapid weight gain, sweating, tightness in
the chest, tingling of the hands or feet, and unusual weight gain or loss.
Precautions:
Do NOT take this medication if you are allergic to any ingredient in nitroglycerin, you have had
a stroke or other bleeding in the brain, swelling of the sac surrounding the heart, or interference
of blood returning to the heart.
4) Warfarin
Use: Warfarin is an anticoagulant (blood thinner). Warfarin reduces the formation of blood clots.
Warfarin is used to treat or prevent blood clots in veins or arteries, which can reduce the risk
of stroke, heart attack, or other serious conditions. Many drugs (including some over-the-counter medicines and herbal products) can affect your INR and may increase the risk of bleeding if you take them with warfarin
Side effects: Warfarin is an anticoagulant (blood thinner). Warfarin reduces the formation of
blood clots. Warfarin is used to treat or prevent blood clots in veins or arteries, which can reduce
the risk of stroke, heart attack, or other serious conditions.Many drugs (including some over-
the-counter medicines and herbal products) can affect your INR and may increase the risk
of bleeding if you take them with warfarin
Interactions:
Using warfarin together with ethanol can cause you to bleed more easily. If you take warfarin
you should avoid large amounts of alcohol, but moderate consumption (one to two drinks per
day) are not likely to affect the response to warfarin if you have normal liver function. You may
need a dose adjustment in addition to testing of your prothrombin time or International
Normalized Ratio (INR).
Rarely, vitamin supplements containing vitamin K may reduce the effectiveness of warfarin.
This may be more likely to occur in individuals who have low levels of vitamin K in their blood.
Before using any vitamin supplement, you should check the label to make sure it does not
contain vitamin K. If it does, let your doctor know before you start using it. You may need more
frequent monitoring of your INR after starting the supplement or whenever it is discontinued,
and appropriate adjustments made in your dosage if necessary. increasing vitamin K levels in the
body can promote clotting and reduce the effectiveness of warfarin. While there is no need to
avoid products that contain vitamin K, you should maintain a consistent level of consumption of
these products. Foods rich in vitamin K include beef liver, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage,
collard greens, endive, kale, lettuce, mustard greens, parsley, soy beans, spinach, Swiss chard,
turnip greens, watercress, and other green leafy vegetables. Moderate to high levels of vitamin K
are also found in other foods such as asparagus, avocados, dill pickles, green peas, green tea,
canola oil, margarine, mayonnaise, olive oil, and soybean oil. However, even foods that do not
contain much vitamin K may occasionally affect the action of warfarin.
International Normalised Ratio (INR) testing is well established as an integral part of
warfarin treatment. INR has a critical role in maintaining the warfarin response within a
therapeutic range, to provide the benefits of anticoagulation, while avoiding the risks of
haemorrhage.
Precautions:
Warfarin blocks the formation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, thereby decreasing the
body's ability to form blood clots - often described as "thinning the blood"
5) Valsartan
Use: Treating high blood pressure alone or with other medicines. It is used to treat heart failure.
It is used in certain patients to decrease the risk of death after a heart attack. It may also be used
for other conditions as determined by your doctor. Valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor
blocker. It works by relaxing the blood vessels. This helps to lower blood pressure.
Side effects: If any of the following side effects occur while taking valsartan, check with
your doctor immediately:
Bloody urine, cold sweats, confusion, decreased frequency or amount of urine, difficult
breathing, dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up from a lying position
fainting, increased thirst, irregular heartbeat, loss of appetite, lower back or side pain, nausea,
nervousness, numbness or tingling in the hands, feet, or lips, swelling of the face, fingers, or
lower legs, unusual tiredness or weakness, vomiting and weight gain.
Interactions:
If you are taking valsartan you should avoid potassium-containing salt substitutes or over-the-
counter potassium supplements without first talking to your doctor. This can cause high levels of
potassium in your blood. High levels of potassium can cause weakness, irregular heartbeat,
confusion, tingling of the extremities, or feelings of heaviness in the legs.
Precautions: Do NOT use valsartan if you are allergic to any ingredient in valsartan, you are pregnant, the
patient is a child who has severe kidney problems or is on dialysis, you are taking a medicine
that contains aliskiren and you also have diabetes or kidney problems. Check with your doctor or
pharmacist if you are not sure if a medicine you take contains aliskiren
6)Temazepam
Use: Temazepam is used to treat insomnia symptoms, such as trouble falling asleep or staying
asleep. Do not use temazepam if you are pregnant. This medicine can cause birth defects or
life-threatening withdrawal symptoms in a newborn. Temazepam may cause a severe allergic
reaction. Stop taking this medicine and get emergency medical help if you have any of these
signs of an allergic reaction.
Side effects: Temazepam may cause a severe allergic reaction. Stop taking this medicine and get
emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty
breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Take this medication only when you are
getting ready for several hours of sleep. You may fall asleep very quickly after taking the
medicine. If any of the following side effects occur while taking temazepam, check with
your doctor immediately: False or unusual sense of well-being, fear or nervousness, mood or
mental changes Also difficult or labored breathing, fast, irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat
or pulse, large, hive-like swelling on face, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, hands, legs, feet, sex
organs loss of appetite, loss of memory, nightmares and problems with memory.
Precautions: Do not use temazepam if you are pregnant. This medicine can cause birth
defects or life-threatening withdrawal symptoms in a newborn. Temazepam may be habit-
forming and should be used only by the person it was prescribed for. This medicine should never
be shared with another person, especially someone who has a history of drug abuse or addiction.
Keep the medication in a secure place where others cannot get to it. Misuse of habit-forming
medicine can cause addiction, overdose, or death.
7) Synthroid (Levothyroxine)
Use: Synthroid (levothyroxine) is a thyroid medicine that replaces a hormone normally
produced by your thyroid gland to regulate the body's energy and metabolism. Levothyroxine is
given when the thyroid does not produce enough of this hormone on its own. Synthroid
treats hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone). Synthroid is also used to treat or
prevent goiter (enlarged thyroid gland), which can be caused by hormone imbalances, radiation
treatment, surgery, or cancer.
Side effects: If any of the following side effects occur while taking levothyroxine, check with
your doctor immediately: Chest pain or discomfort, decreased urine output, difficult or labored
breathing, difficulty with swallowing, dilated neck veins, extreme fatigue, fainting, fast, slow,
irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse, fever, heat intolerance, hives or welts, skin
itching, rash, or redness, irregular breathing, irritability, menstrual changes, nausea, pain or
discomfort in the arms, jaw, back, or neck, sweating, swelling of the eyes, face, lips, throat, or
tongue, tightness in the chest and tremors.
Interactions:
Using multivitamin with minerals together with levothyroxine may decrease the effects of
levothyroxine. You should separate the administration of levothyroxine and multivitamin with
minerals by at least 4 hours. If your doctor does prescribe these medications together, you may
need a dose adjustment or special test to safely use both medications. It is important to tell your
doctor about all other medications you use, including vitamins and herbs. Do not stop using any
medications without first talking to your doctor.
Precautions: Synthroid should not be used to treat obesity or weight problems. Dangerous
side effects or death can occur from the misuse of levothyroxine, especially if you are taking any
other weight-loss medications or appetite suppressants.
8)Prednisone
Uses: Prednisone is a corticosteroid. It prevents the release of substances in the body that cause
inflammation. It also suppresses the immune system. Prednisone is used as an anti-inflammatory
or an immunosuppressant medication. Prednisone treats many different conditions such as
allergic disorders, skin conditions, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, or breathing
disorders.
Side effects: Most common side effects are:Aggression, agitation, blurred vision, decrease in
the amount of urine, dizziness, fast, slow, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse, headache,
irritability, mood changes noisy, rattling breathing, numbness or tingling in the arms or legs,
pounding in the ears shortness of breath, swelling of the fingers, hands, feet, or lower legs,
trouble thinking, speaking, or walking and troubled breathing at rest.
Precautions: Many drugs can interact with prednisone. Not all possible interactions are listed
here. Tell your doctor about all your medications and any you start or stop using during
treatment with prednisone, especially:
Amphotericin B; cyclosporine; digoxin, digitalis; St. John's wort; an antibiotic such as
clarithromycin or telithromycin; antifungal medication such as itraconazole, ketoconazole,
posaconazole, voriconazole; birth control pills and other hormones; a blood thinner such as
warfarin, Coumadin; a diuretic or "water pill"; the hepatitis C medications boceprevir or
telaprevir; HIV or AIDS medicine such as atazanavir, delavirdine, efavirenz, fosamprenavir,
indinavir, nelfinavir, nevirapine, ritonavir, saquinavir.
9)Sulfasalazine
Uses: Sulfasalazine is used to treat a certain type of bowel disease called ulcerative colitis.
This medication does not cure this condition, but it helps decrease symptoms such as
fever, stomach pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. After an attack is treated, sulfasalazine is also
used to increase the amount of time between attacks. This medication works by reducing
irritation and swelling in the large intestines.
Before taking sulfasalazine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to sulfa
drugs; or to aspirin and related drugs (salicylates, NSAIDs such as ibuprofen); or to mesalamine;
or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can
cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.
Side effects:
Stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, headache, dizziness, or unusual tiredness may
occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
This medication may cause your skin and urine to turn orange-yellow. This effect is harmless
and will disappear when the medication is stopped.Rarely, delayed-release tablets
of sulfasalazine may appear whole or only partly dissolved in your stool. If this occurs, tell your
doctor right away so your treatment can be changed.
Interactions:
Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side
effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the
products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it
with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines
without your doctor's approval.
Precautions:
Before taking sulfasalazine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to sulfa
drugs; or to aspirin and related drugs (salicylates, NSAIDs such as ibuprofen); or to mesalamine;
or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can
cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using
this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: intestinal
blockage, urinary blockage, kidney disease, liver disease, blood disorders (such as aplastic
anemia, porphyria), a certain genetic condition (G6PD deficiency), asthma, severe allergies,
current/recent/returning infections.
10) Lisinopril
Uses: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor. ACE stands for angiotensin converting enzyme. Lisinopril
is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) in adults and children who are at least 6
years old. Lisinopril is also used to treat congestive heart failure in adults, or to improve survival
after a heart attack.
Side effects:
Commonly reported side effects of lisinopril include: dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia,
increased blood urea nitrogen, and increased serum creatinine. Other side effects
include: headache, and hyperkalemia. See below for a comprehensive list of adverse effects.
You should check with your doctor immediately if any of these side effects occur when
taking Lisinopril: Blurred vision, cloudy urine, confusion, decrease in urine output or decrease
in urine-concentrating ability, dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly
from a lying or sitting position, sweating and unusual tiredness or weakness.
Precautions:
Do not use lisinopril if you are pregnant. It could harm the unborn baby. Stop using this
medicine and tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant.You should not use this
medicine if you have hereditary angioedema.If you have diabetes, do not use lisinopril together
with any medication that contains aliskiren (such as Amturnide, Tekturna, Tekamlo).
11) Losartan
Uses: Losartan (Cozaar) belongs to a group of drugs called angiotensin II receptor antagonists. It
keeps blood vessels from narrowing, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow.
Losartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is also used to lower the risk of
stroke in certain people with heart disease. Losartan is used to slow long-term kidney damage in
people with type 2 diabetes who also have high blood pressure. Losartan may also be used for
purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Side effects:
Commonly reported side effects of losartan include: asthenia, chest pain, diarrhea, fatigue,
and hypoglycemia. Other side effects include: hyperkalemia, hypotension, and orthostatic
hypotension. See below for a comprehensive list of adverse effects. Abdominal or stomach pain,
anxiety, bladder pain, bloody or cloudy urine, blurred vision, chills, cold sweats, coma,
confusion, cool, pale skin, depression, difficult breathing, difficult, burning, or painful urination,
dizziness, fast heartbeat and frequent urge to urinate.
Precautions:
You should not use losartan if you are allergic to it. If you have diabetes, do not use losartan
together with any medication that contains aliskiren (Amturnide, Tekturna, Tekamlo, Valturna).
You may also need to avoid taking this medicine with aliskiren if you have kidney disease. To
make sure losartan is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have: kidney disease; liver disease;
congestive heart failure; an electrolyte imbalance (such as low levels of potassium in your
blood); or if you are dehydrated.
12) Sertraline
Uses: Sertraline is an antidepressant in a group of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs). The way this medicine works is still not fully understood. It is thought to
positively affect communication between nerve cells in the central nervous system and/or restore
chemical balance in the brain. Sertraline is used to treat depression, obsessive-compulsive
disorder, panic disorder, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and
premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
Side effects:
Commonly reported side effects of sertraline include: diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness,
dyspepsia, fatigue, insomnia, loose stools, nausea, tremor, headache, paresthesia, anorexia,
decreased libido, delayed ejaculation, diaphoresis, ejaculation failure, and xerostomia. Other
side effects include: abdominal pain, agitation, pain, vomiting, anxiety, hypouricemia, and
malaise. See below for a comprehensive list of adverse effects.
Precautions:
You should not use sertraline if you also take pimozide, or if you are being treated with
methylene blue injection. Do not use sertraline if you have taken an MAO inhibitor in the
past 14 days. A dangerous drug interaction could occur. MAO inhibitors include
isocarboxazid, linezolid, phenelzine, rasagiline, selegiline, and tranylcypromine.
13)Zolpidem
Uses: Zolpidem is a sedative, also called a hypnotic. It affects chemicals in the brain that may be
unbalanced in people with sleep problems (insomnia). Zolpidem is used to treat insomnia. The
immediate-release forms are Ambien, Intermezzo, Edluar, and Zolpimist, which are used to help
you fall asleep. The extended-release form of zolpidem is Ambien CR, which has a first layer
that dissolves quickly to help you fall asleep, and a second layer that dissolves slowly to help you
stay asleep.
Side effects:
Commonly reported side effects of zolpidem include: dizziness and drowsiness. Other side
effects include:myalgia, visual hallucination, anxiety, hallucination, and nausea. See below for a
comprehensive list of adverse effects.
Precautions:
Zolpidem may cause a severe allergic reaction. Stop taking zolpidem and get emergency
medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing;
swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.Do not share this medication with another person,
even if they have the same symptoms you have. The recommended doses of zolpidem are not the
same in men and women, and this drug is not approved for use in children. Misuse of this
medication can result in dangerous side effects.
14) Atenolol
Uses: Atenolol (Tenormin) is a beta-blocker that affects the heart and circulation (blood flow
through arteries and veins). Atenolol is used to treat angina (chest pain) and hypertension(high
blood pressure). Atenolol is also used to lower the risk of death after a heart attack.
Side effects:
Commonly reported side effects of atenolol include: cardiac failure, bradycardia, dizziness,
fatigue, and cold extremities. See below for a comprehensive list of adverse effects. Blurred
vision, cold hands or feet, confusion difficult or labored breathing, dizziness, faintness, or
lightheadedness when getting up from a lying or sitting position suddenly, shortness of breath,
sweating, tightness in chest, unusual tiredness or weakness and wheezing.
Interactions:
Atenolol and ethanol may have additive effects in lowering your blood pressure. You may
experience headache, dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, and/or changes in pulse or heart rate.
These side effects are most likely to be seen at the beginning of treatment, following a dose
increase, or when treatment is restarted after an interruption. Let your doctor know if you
develop these symptoms and they do not go away after a few days or they become troublesome.
Precautions:
You should not use this atenolol if you have a serious heart condition such as "AV block," very
slow heartbeats, or heart failure. Do not stop taking atenolol without first talking to your doctor.
Stopping suddenly may make your condition worse.
15) Atorvastatin
Uses: Atorvastatin is in a group of drugs called HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, or "statins."
Also, Atorvastatin reduces levels of "bad" cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) and
triglycerides in the blood, while increasing levels of "good" cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein,
or HDL). Atorvastatin is used to treat high cholesterol, and to lower the risk of stroke, heart
attack, or other heart complications in people with type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, or
other risk factors. Atorvastatin is used in adults and children who are at least 10 years old.
Side effects:
Commonly reported side effects of atorvastatin include: hemorrhagic stroke, arthralgia,
diarrhea, and nasopharyngitis. Other side effects include: urinary tract infection, insomnia, limb
pain, muscle spasm, musculoskeletal pain, myalgia, and nausea. See below for a comprehensive
list of adverse effects.
Interactions:
Grapefruit juice can increase the blood levels of atorvastatin. This can increase the risk of side
effects such as liver damage and a rare but serious condition called rhabdomyolysis that involves
the breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue. In some cases, rhabdomyolysis can cause kidney
damage and even death. You should limit your consumption of grapefruit juice to no more than 1
quart per day during treatment with atorvastatin. Let your doctor know immediately if you have
unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness during treatment, especially if these symptoms
are accompanied by fever or dark colored urine
Precautions:
You should not take atorvastatin if you are pregnant or breast-feeding, or if you have liver
disease. Stop taking this medication and tell your doctor right away if you become
pregnant. Serious drug interactions can occur when certain medicines are used together with
atorvastatin. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all medicines you use now, and any
medicine you start or stop using. In rare cases, atorvastatin can cause a condition that results in
the breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue, leading to kidney failure. Call your doctor right away if
you have unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness especially if you also have fever,
unusual tiredness, and dark colored urine.
16) Lyrica
Uses:
Lyrica (pregabalin) is an anti-epileptic drug, also called an anticonvulsant. It works by slowing
down impulses in the brain that cause seizures. Lyrica also affects chemicals in the brain that
send pain signals across the nervous system.Lyrica is used to control seizures and to treat
fibromyalgia. It is also used to treat pain caused by nerve damage in people with diabetes
(diabetic neuropathy), herpes zoster (post-herpetic neuralgia, or neuropathic pain associated with
spinal cord injury. Lyrica may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Side effects:
Common side effects of Lyrica include: infection, ataxia, blurred vision, constipation, diplopia,
dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, peripheral edema, tremor, weight gain, visual field loss,
accidental injury, and xerostomia. Other side effects include: abnormal gait, abnormality in
thinking, amnesia, arthralgia, asthenia, cognitive dysfunction, confusion, edema, neuropathy,
sinusitis, speech disturbance, vertigo, visual disturbance, myasthenia, amblyopia, increased
appetite, and twitching. See below for a comprehensive list of adverse effects.
Precautions:
There have been postmarketing reports of angioedema in patients during initial and chronic
treatment with LYRICA. Specific symptoms included swelling of the face, mouth (tongue, lips,
and gums), and neck (throat and larynx). There were reports of life-threatening angioedema with
respiratory compromise requiring emergency treatment. Discontinue LYRICA immediately in
patients with these symptoms.Exercise caution when prescribing LYRICA to patients who have
had a previous episode of angioedema. In addition, patients who are taking other drugs
associated with angioedema (e.g., angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors [ACE-inhibitors])
may be at increased risk of developing angioedema.
17) Tramadol
Uses: ramadol is a narcotic-like pain reliever. Tramadol is used to treat moderate to severe
pain. The extended-release form of tramadol is for around-the-clock treatment of pain. This
form of tramadol is not for use on an as-needed basis for pain.
Side effects:
Commonly reported side effects of tramadol include: pruritus, agitation, anxiety, constipation,
diarrhea, hallucination, nausea, tremor, vomiting, and diaphoresis. Other side effects
include: insomnia, pruritus, and diaphoresis. See below for a comprehensive list of adverse
effects.
Precautions:
You should not take tramadol if you have severe breathing problems, a blockage in your stomach
or intestines, or if you have recently used alcohol, sedatives, tranquilizers, narcotic medication,
or an MAO inhibitor (isocarboxazid, linezolid, methylene blue injection, phenelzine, rasagiline,
selegiline, tranylcypromine, and others).Tramadol can slow or stop your breathing, and may be
habit-forming. MISUSE OF THIS MEDICINE CAN CAUSE ADDICTION, OVERDOSE,
OR DEATH, especially in a child or other person using the medicine without a
prescription.
18) Zinc Oxide Ointment USP
Zinc oxide ointment can relieve a variety of mild skin conditions such as diaper rash, pimples
and minor burns, including sunburn. Zinc oxide acts as skin barrier to prevent and heal skin
irritation. It is used in a variety of skin creams and ointments.
Users generally apply a generous amount of of zinc oxide ointment to completely cover the
treatment area. Melasma is a common skin condition that causes brownish-colored spots on the
face especially on the nose, cheeks, chin upper lips and forehead. Some 90 percent of melasma
cases occur in women. Its most prevalent in people with darker complexions.
Minor skin irritations such as cuts, burns, scrapes and poison ivy often benefit from the anti-
inflammatory properties contained in zinc oxide ointment. You can apply a thin layer of zinc
oxide to the affected skin as often as needed to relieve irritation and promote healing.
19) Trivora (Levonorgestrel Ehinyl Estradiol Tablets)
Oral contraceptives are indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect to use this
product as a method of contraception.
Oral contraceptives are highly effective. Table II lists the typical accidental pregnancy rates for
users of combination oral contraceptives and other methods of contraception. The efficacy of
these contraceptive methods, except sterilization and the IUD, depends upon the reliability with
which they are used. Correct and consistent use of methods can result in lower failure rates.
20) Amoxicillin
Uses:
Amoxicillin is a penicillin antibiotic that fights bacteria.Amoxicillin is used to treat many
different types of infectioncaused by bacteria, such as tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia,
gonorrhea, and infections of the ear, nose, throat, skin, or urinary tract. Amoxicillin is also
sometimes used together with another antibiotic called clarithromycin (Biaxin) to treat stomach
ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. This combination is sometimes used with a
stomach acid reducer called lansoprazole (Prevacid).There are many brands and forms of
amoxicillin available and not all brands are listed on this leaflet.
Side effects:
Major Side Effects
You should check with your doctor immediately if any of these side effects occur when taking
amoxicillin:
Incidence not known: • Abdominal or stomach cramps or tenderness
• back, leg, or stomach pains
• black, tarry stools
• bleeding gums
• blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin
• bloating
• blood in the urine
• bloody nose
• chest pain
• chills
• clay-colored stools
• cough
• dark urine
• diarrhea
• diarrhea, watery and severe, which may also be bloody
• difficulty with breathing
• difficulty with swallowing
• dizziness
Precautions:
Do not use this medication if you are allergic to amoxicillin or to any other penicillin antibiotic,
such as ampicillin (Omnipen, Principen), dicloxacillin (Dycill, Dynapen), oxacillin (Bactocill),
penicillin (Beepen-VK, Ledercillin VK, Pen-V, Pen-Vee K, Pfizerpen, V-Cillin K, Veetids), and
others.Before using amoxicillin, tell your doctor if you are allergic to cephalosporins such as
Omnicef, Cefzil, Ceftin, Keflex, and others. Also tell your doctor if you have asthma, liver or
kidney disease, a bleeding or blood clotting disorder, mononucleosis (also called "mono"), or any
type of allergy.
21) Vytorin
Uses: Vytorin contains a combination of ezetimibe and simvastatin. Ezetimibe reduces the
amount of cholesterol absorbed by the body. Simvastatin is in a group of drugs called HMG CoA
reductase inhibitors, or "statins." Ezetimibe and simvastatin reduce the blood levels of "bad"
cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) and triglycerides, while increasing levels of "good"
cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein, or HDL)
.Many drugs can interact with Vytorin. Not all possible interactions are listed here. Tell your
doctor about all your medications and any you start or stop using during treatment with Vytorin,
especially: colchicine; lomitapide; fenofibrate, fenofibric acid; a blood thinner (warfarin,
Coumadin, Jantoven); heart rhythm medicine - amiodarone or dronedarone; a>heart or blood
pressure medicine - amlodipine, diltiazem, ranolazine, verapamil; or medicines that contain
niacin, or vitamin B3, such as Advicor, Niaspan, Niacor, Simcor, Slo-Niacin, and others.
Side effects:
If any of the following side effects occur while taking ezetimibe / simvastatin, check with your
doctor immediately:
Incidence not known:
• Abdominal or stomach fullness
• bloating
• chills
• constipation
• darkened urine
• fast heartbeat
• fever
• hives
• hoarseness
• indigestion
• itching
• joint pain
22) Meloxicam
Uses: Meloxicam is used to treat arthritis. It reduces pain, swelling, and stiffness of the joints.
Meloxicam is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).If you are treating a
chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using
other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.Read the Medication Guide
provided by your pharmacist before you start taking meloxicam and each time you get a refill. If
you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Side effects:
Stomach upset, nausea, dizziness, or diarrhea may occur. If any of these effects persist or
worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Remember that your doctor has prescribed
this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of
side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects. This medication
may raise your blood pressure. Check your blood pressure regularly and tell your doctor if the
results are high.
Precautions:
Before taking meloxicam, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to aspirin or
other NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib); or if you have any other allergies. This
product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems.
Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or
pharmacist your medical history, especially of: asthma (including a history of worsening
breathing after taking aspirinor other
NSAIDs), liver disease, stomach/intestine/esophagus problems (such as bleeding, ulcers,
recurring heartburn), heart disease (such as history of heart attack), high blood
pressure, stroke, blood disorders (such as anemia, bleeding/clotting problems), growths in the
nose (nasal polyps).
23) Metformin
Uses:
Metformin is an oral diabetes medicine that helps control blood sugar levels. Metformin is used
to improve blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes. It is sometimes used in
combination with insulin or other medications, but this medicine is not for treating type 1
diabetes. Metformin may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Side effects:
You should check with your doctor immediately if any of these side effects occur when
taking metformin:
More common: • Abdominal or stomach discomfort
• cough or hoarseness
• decreased appetite
• diarrhea
• fast or shallow breathing
• fever or chills
• general feeling of discomfort
• lower back or side pain
Precautions:
You should not use metformin if you are allergic to it, or if you have:
• severe kidney disease; or
• if you are in a state of diabetic ketoacidosis (call your doctor for treatment with
insulin).
If you need to have any type of x-ray or CT scan using a dye that is injected into your veins, you
will need to temporarily stop taking metformin.
To make sure metformin is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:
• kidney disease;
• liver disease;
• a history of heart disease or recent heart attack
24) Ondasertron:
Uses:
Ondansetron blocks the actions of chemicals in the body that can trigger nausea and
vomiting.Ondansetron is used to prevent nausea and vomiting that may be caused by surgery,
cancer chemotherapy, or radiationtreatment. Ondansetron may be used for purposes not listed in
this medication guide.
Side effects:
Serious side effects of ondansetron include blurred vision or temporary vision loss (lasting from
only a few minutes to several hours), slow heart rate, trouble breathing, anxiety, agitation,
shivering, feeling like you might pass out, and urinating less than usual or not at all. Stop taking
this medicine and call your doctor at once if you have any of these side effects. Ondansetron may
impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be
alert.
Precautions:
You should not use ondansetron if:
• you are also using apomorphine (Apokyn); or
• you are allergic to ondansetron or similar medicines (dolasetron, granisetron,
palonosetron).
To make sure ondansetron is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:
• liver disease;
• an electrolyte imbalance (such as low levels of potassium or magnesium in your
blood);
• congestive heart failure, slow heartbeats;
• a personal or family history of long QT syndrome; or
• a blockage in your digestive tract (stomach or intestines).
25) Diazepam
Uses:
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine (ben-zoe-dye-AZE-eh-peens). It affects chemicals in the brain that
may be unbalanced in people with anxiety. Diazepam is used to treat anxiety disorders, alcohol
withdrawalsymptoms, or muscle spasms. Diazepam is sometimes used with other medications to
treat seizures. Diazepam may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Side effects:
Commonly reported side effects of diazepam include: drowsiness and hypotonia. See below
for a comprehensive list of adverse effects. You should check with your doctor immediately if
any of these side effects occur when taking diazepam:
More common: • Shakiness and unsteady walk
• unsteadiness, trembling, or other problems with muscle control or coordination
Precautions:
You should not use this medicine if you are allergic to diazepam or similar medicines (Ativan,
Klonopin, Restoril, Xanax, and others), or if you have myasthenia gravis, severe liver disease,
narrow-angle glaucoma, a severe breathing problem, or sleep apnea.Before you take diazepam,
tell your doctor if you have glaucoma, asthma or other breathing problems, kidney or liver
disease, seizures, or a history of drug or alcohol addiction, mental illness, depression, or suicidal
thoughts.Do not start or stop taking diazepam during pregnancy without your doctor's advice.
Diazepam may cause harm to an unborn baby, but having a seizure during pregnancy could harm
both the mother and the baby. Tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant while taking
diazepam for seizures.
26) Omeprazole
Uses:
Omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid) belongs to group of drugs called proton pump inhibitors. It
decreases the amount of acid produced in the stomach. Omeprazole is used to treat symptoms
of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other conditions caused by excess stomach
acid. It is also used to promote healing of erosive esophagitis (damage to your esophagus caused
by stomach acid).Omeprazole may also be given together with antibiotics to treat gastric ulcer
caused by infection with helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).
Side effects:
f any of the following side effects occur while taking omeprazole, check with your doctor
immediately:
Rare • Back, leg, or stomach pain
• bleeding or crusting sores on the lips
• blisters
• bloody or cloudy urine
• chills
• continuing ulcers or sores in the mouth
• difficult, burning, or painful urination
• fever
• frequent urge to urinate
• general feeling of discomfort or illness
• joint pain
Precautions:
Omeprazole is not for immediate relief of heartburn symptoms. Heartburn is often confused with
the first symptoms of a heart attack. Seek emergency medical attention if you have chest pain or
heavy feeling, pain spreading to the arm or shoulder, nausea, sweating, and a general ill feeling.
You should not take this medication if you are allergic to omeprazole or to any other
benzimidazole medication such as albendazole or mebendazole.
27)Ibuprofen
Uses:
Ibuprofen is used to relieve pain from various conditions such as headache, dental
pain, menstrual cramps, muscle aches, or arthritis. It is also used to reduce fever and to relieve
minor aches and pain due to the common cold or flu. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking your body's production of certain natural
substances that cause inflammation. This effect helps to decrease swelling, pain, or fever.
If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug
treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.
Side effects:
Upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness, or drowsiness may
occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.If your
doctor has prescribed this medication, remember that he or she has judged that the benefit to you
is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious
side effects.This medication may raise your blood pressure. Check your blood pressure regularly
and tell your doctor if the results are high.
Precautions:
Before taking ibuprofen, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to aspirin or
other NSAIDs (such as naproxen, celecoxib); or if you have any other allergies. This product
may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to
your pharmacist for more details.
Before taking this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially
of: asthma (including a history of worsening breathing after taking aspirinor other
NSAIDs), blood disorders (such as anemia, bleeding/clotting problems), growths in the nose
(nasal polyps), heart disease (such as previous heart attack), high blood
pressure, liver disease, stroke, throat/stomach/intestinal problems (such as bleeding, heartburn,
ulcers).
28)Digoxin
Uses:
Digoxin is used to treat heart failure, usually along with other medications. It is also used to treat
certain types of irregular heartbeat (such as chronic atrial fibrillation). Treating heart failure may
help maintain your ability to walk and exercise and may improve the strength of your heart.
Treating an irregular heartbeat can decrease the risk for blood clots, an effect that may reduce
your risk for a heart attack or stroke.Digoxin belongs to a class of medications called cardiac
glycosides. It works by affecting certain minerals (sodium and potassium) inside heart cells. This
reduces strain on the heart and helps it maintain a normal, steady, and strong heartbeat.
Side effects:
Nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, loss of appetite, and diarrhea may occur. If any of these
effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the
benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not
have serious side effects.
Tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: weakness,
mental/mood changes, vision changes (such as blurred or yellow/green vision),
enlarged/tender breasts in men.
Precautions:
Before taking digoxin, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to similar drugs
(such as digitoxin); or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive
ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for
more details.
Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially
of: kidney problems, thyroid problems (underactive or overactive).
This drug may make you dizzy or cause blurred vision. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any
activity that requires alertness or clear vision until you are sure you can perform such activities
safely.
29)Vancomycin
Uses:
Vancomycin is an antibiotic. When taken by mouth it fights bacteria in the intestines.
Vancomycin is used to treat an infection of the intestines caused by Clostridium difficile, which
can cause watery or bloody diarrhea. It is also used to treat staph infections that can cause
inflammation of the colon and small intestines.
Oral vancomycin works only in the intestines. This medicine is not normally absorbed into the
body and will not treat other types of infection. An injection form of this medication is available
to treat serious infections in other parts of the body.
Vancomycin may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide
Precautions:
Oral vancomycin works only in the intestines and will not treat infections in other parts of the
body. Follow all directions on your medicine label and package. Tell each of your healthcare
providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use.Vancomycin
can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss. Stop using this medication and call your doctor
at once if you have any hearing problems or ringing in your ears.
30) Furosemide
Uses:
Furosemide is a loop diuretic (water pill) that prevents your body from absorbing too much salt.
This allows the salt to instead be passed in your urine.Furosemide is used to treat fluid retention
(edema) in people with congestive heart failure, liver disease, or a kidney disorder such as
nephrotic syndrome. Furosemide is also used to treat high blood pressure(hypertension).
Side effects:
You should check with your doctor immediately if any of these side effects occur when
taking furosemide:
Rare • Chest pain
• chills
• cough or hoarseness
• fever
• general feeling of tiredness or weakness
• headache
• lower back or side pain
• painful or difficult urination
• shortness of breath
• sore throat
• sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth
• swollen or painful glands
• tightness in the chest
• unusual bleeding or bruising
• unusual tiredness or weakness
• wheezing
Precaution:
You should not use furosemide if you are unable to urinate.Do not take more than your
recommended dose. High doses of furosemide may cause irreversible hearing loss.Before using
furosemide, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease, enlarged prostate, urination problems,
cirrhosis or other liver disease, an electrolyte imbalance, high cholesterol, gout, lupus, diabetes,
or an allergy to sulfa drugs.Tell your doctor if you have recently had an MRI (magnetic
resonance imaging) or any type of scan using a radioactive dye that is injected into your veins.
Do not take more of this medication than is recommended.
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