noun clause --- quoted & reported speech quoted speech (direct speech ) reported speech...

Noun Clause --- Quoted & Reported Speech

Quoted Speech (Direct Speech )

Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)

Quoted Speech

Punctuation

Original

Capitalizing

e.g. 1. She said, “ My friend is a YUELI student.”

2. “My friend is a YUELI student,” she said.

3. “My friend,” she said , “ is a YUELI

student .”

Quoted Speech

Capitalizing

Original

Inside the quotation marks.

Quoted Speech---Differences1.SubjectPronoun “My friend is a YUELI student,” she said.Noun “My friend is a YUELI student,” said Yang.2.CommaNeed comma

“My friend is a YUELI student,” she said.

No comma“Where is my friend?” she asked.

Quoted Speech

Quoting more than one sentence

“My brother is a student,” she said. “He is attending a university.”

Reported Speech

No quotation marks

Verb forms

“tell” VS “say”

e.g.

1. “I am watching TV.”

She said she was watching TV.

2. “I watched TV.”

She said she had watched TV.

Reported Speech

No “…”

VF

e.g. No Change

1. should, might, ought to

“I should watch TV.”

She said she should watch TV.

2. A general truth

“The word is round.”

She said the word is round.

Reported Speech

Reported Speech

e.g. No Change3. Reporting Verb “I watch TV every day.” She says she watches TV every day. She has said that she watches TV every day. She will say that she watches TV every day.

Tell VS Say Imperative Infinitive

e.g. “Watch TV.”

She told me to watch TV.

Reported Speech

! He told me he would be late.

He said he would be late.

He said to me he

Noun Clauses & The Subjunctive Subjunctive verb simple form

present, past, future forms

singular & plural

Stress the importance or urgency

Noun Clauses & The Subjunctive e.g.

1.The teacher demands that we be on time.

Subjunctive verb

Subject

2.I insist that he pay me the money.

3.I recommended that she not go to school.

4.It is important that they be told the truth.

Noun Clauses & The Subjunctive I suggested that she see a doctor. I suggested that she should see a doctor.

BrE

Common verbs

advise, ask, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest ……

Noun Clauses & -ever words -ever words the idea of any

whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever,

whoever, whomever, however

Noun Clauses & -ever words

e.g. 1.You may dress however you please.

2. You may leave whenever you want.

He makes friends easily with whomever he meets. He makes friends easily with whoever he meets. (BrE)

AmE: rare & very formal

whomever

Reference

Azar, B.S. (2002). Understanding and Using English Grammar. 3rd Ed. NY: Pearson Education, Longman. PP239-266

Noun clause

Thank you!