note: this presentation was not made for public use. please do not use this presentations without my...

NOTE: This presentation was not made for public use. Please do not use this presentations without my permission and the permission of each of the authors of the photographs, quotes, and other materials that they contain.

Thank you, Vicki Hughes

CHAPTER 9: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Hormone = chemical produced in one place but used in another.

Endocrine organs = ductless glands that produce hormones

Assignments:OL Endocrine System PTEndocrine (coloring)

Assignments:OL Endocrine System PTEndocrine (coloring)

Hypothalamus = regulates the pituitary

Pituitary = reproduction, kidneys, growth (GH), metabolism

Thyroid = metabolism, blood Ca+

Parathyroids = blood Ca+ regulation

Pineal = circadian rhythms

Thymus = Immunity

Adrenal = blood glucose, metabolism, blood vessel constriction

Pancreas = insulin, blood glucose

Ovary (female) = estrogen, reproduction

Testis (male) = androgens (including testosterone), reproduction

kidneykidney

liverliver

Hormones = chemicals that a secretory cell secretes to affect the functions of another cell called a target cell.

Paracrine signaling: hormones travel only short distances and affect nearby cells.

Secretory cell

Hormones

Receptor

Hormones

Target cell

Autocrine signaling:

Blood transports hormones to all parts of the body, where they may produce general effects.

A particular hormone's physiological action is restricted to the hormone's target cells - those cells with specific receptors for the hormone molecules.

A hormone's target cells have receptors that other cells lack.

Hormone

Hormones enter blood

Hormones

Target Cell

Receptors

DNA

Positive and Negative Feedback

Woman goes into labor

Contractions increase

hormones

hormones

Contractions increase more

The hypothalamus integrates information from the rest of the body and regulates most of the body's endocrine systems by signaling the pituitary gland to secrete the appropriate hormone.

The pituitary gland secretes nine major hormones of the body.

Hormonal Control of Body Functions

Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland

The pituitary gland is divided into anterior and posterior sections.Each section secretes its own hormones depending on the stimulation from the hypothalamus.

There are about 50 different hormones in the human body.

These fall into three primary categories:

Eicosanoids = control the flow of information

Peptide hormones = secreted into the circulatory system following specific stimuli

Steroids = secreted by three “steroid glands”— 1. adrenal cortex 2. testes 3. ovaries

(and during pregnancy by the placenta)

Adrenal HormonesAdrenal HormonesFight or Flight…either way adrenal glands prepare.

3-4. Name the twohormones that are secreted by the these glands.

5-10. List 5 of the 7responses to the release of thesehormones.

1. Name the part of the brain that

responds to stress

2. Name the endocrine organ that responds.

Quiz Tomorrow!

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) : signals the adrenal glands (situated atop the kidneys) to produce the steroid cortisol which increases blood sugar in response to stress

Pituitary HormonesPituitary Hormones

Fight or Flight: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4g25d7_Afmc

ADH (antidiuretic hormone): stimulates the kidneys to concentrate the urine by sending water back into the bloodstream

Pituitary HormonesPituitary Hormones

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter17/animation__hormonal_communication.html

Pituitary HormonesPituitary Hormones

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter20/animation__positive_and_negative_feedback__quiz_1_.html

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (leuteinizing hormone): regulates hormone production by the testes (testosterone) and ovaries (estrogen, progesterone)

TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone): signals the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone which is essential for the regulation of body metabolism

Pituitary HormonesPituitary Hormones

GH (Growth hormone): signals special liver cells to produce somatomedin-C, which is critical for body growth during childhood

Pituitary HormonesPituitary Hormones

Prolactin: stimulates breast milk production and controls menstrual periods

Pituitary HormonesPituitary Hormones

The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is important in the regulation of calcium levels in body fluids.

Parathyroid glandsParathyroid glands

thyroid

1.exocrine gland that

secretes digestive juice 2.endocrine gland that releases hormones.

The exocrine function of the pancreas is localized in the acinar cells that synthesize and secrete digestive juices. The endocrine function of the pancreas is localized in the islet cells (Islets of Langerhans), which synthesize and secrete hormones.

PancreasPancreas

TAKE NOTES http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp50/5002s.swf

Blood Sugar RegulationBlood Sugar Regulation

Types of Hormones:

Water-soluble hormones:Must enter the cell using a receptor protein located on the cell membrane.

Fat-soluble hormones (Steroids):Can pass directly through the cell wall. Requires transport proteins to travel in bloodstream.

(Water-soluble hormone)

(Water-soluble hormone)

(Fat-soluble hormone)

Goiter

Disease of the thyroid.

Kinds of Goiters:

1. Simple goiter can occur for no known reason or as a result of over compensation for low hormone production.

2. Toxic nodular goiter produces too much thyroid hormone

Prevented by iodine in iodized salt.

Diabetes: Pancreas do not produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/diabetesintroduction/htm/_yes_50_no_0.htm

Diabetes

Pituitary DwarfismDecreased output of HGH (human growth hormone).

Gigantism Increased output of HGH (human growth hormone).

Cretintism decreased thyroid hormone production

Myxedema thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone

Hyperthyroidism increased production of thyroid hormone

Grave’s Disease autoimmune disorder that leads to overactivity of the thyroid gland

Hypothyroidism decreased production of thyroid hormone

Exopthalmus decreased production of thyroid hormone

Tetany (Hypocalcemic) diminished function of the parathyroid glands

Addison’s Disease adrenal glands do not produce enough of their hormones

Cushing’s Disease pituitary gland releases too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

ANY QUESTIONS?