norwegian directorate of integration an diversity
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Norwegian Directorate of Integration and Diversity
(IMDi)
Pernille BaardsonSenior Advisor
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Introduction to
• Migration history and – policies
• The immigrant population
• Status
• Introduction Programme
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Migration history in Norway
Long history, but few in numbers until recently
Refugees from Hungary in the 1950sfrom Chile and Vietnam in the 1970sfrom Iran and Sri Lanka in the mid 1980sfrom the Balkans in the 1990s
Labour migrationfrom Pakistan, Turkey and Morocco in the 1970s
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Integration policies in Norway
From a history of assimilation
to successful integration?
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Migrant population in Norway
In 1950: 1,4 % of the population = immigrantsIn 2011: 12,2 % = immigrants
2011: 600 000 (100 000 Norwegian-born with immigrant parents)
Nearly half of the immigrants are from Asia, Africa or Latin America
4 out of 10 have lived in Norway less than 4 years
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The Norwegian contextHigh GNP per capita
Low unemployment rate
High labour market participation of both genders
Nordic welfare model
Limited availability of low skilled jobs
Emphasis on host country language skills
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The «new» Norway; challenges
The Norwegian tradition of equality
Children inherit social differences
Discrimination
Religious diversity
Integration is a two-way process
Zero tolerance – three themes
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Status
Higher unemployment rate among immigrants
Lower income
Higher dependancy of social benefit
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Status
BUT
High social mobility
Time is crucial
Children – some at risk, many do well
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The Introductory Programme for refugees
The Introduction Act of 2004;a new approach to qualification
From client to candidateFrom safety net to future carreer
Short time from pilot projects to legislation
Key objctive: Further education or entry to the labour market:Self-sufficiency
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Key elements in the programme
Norwegian language training, social studies, measures that prepare for further education or access to the labour market
2 years/3 years
Full-time basis
Economic benefit (18 000 euro per year)
An individually adapted plan
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The Introduction programme
Integration grants to the municipalitiesNOK 575 000 (72 000 EUR) per person during a period of five
years
The government’s objective:
65% to education or work
And the results?
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Results
2008: 53%2009: 44%2010: 43%
BUT 10% increase one year after ending the programme
Results, men: 49% Results, women: 38%
Women, Somalia: 15% - but improved to 36% after 3 yearsWomen, Eritrea: 61%
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Challenges
A need for fast tracks
Few incentives to take up employment early
Men have better results than women
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