northern humanism, northern renaissance, religious reformations, and late mannerism 1500-1603

Northern Humanism, Northern Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Reformations, and Late

MannerismMannerism1500-16031500-1603

Focus of Chapter Focus of Chapter

Northern Humanism - Inspired by both Northern Humanism - Inspired by both Classical studies and Late Medieval lay Classical studies and Late Medieval lay piety.piety.

ReformationReformationCounter-ReformationCounter-ReformationLate MannerismLate Mannerism

Northern HumanismNorthern Humanism Study of Christian Study of Christian

writings and Greco-writings and Greco-Roman classicsRoman classics

Emphasis on simplicity Emphasis on simplicity and Christ’s teachingsand Christ’s teachings

Rabelais – French Rabelais – French humanisthumanist

Marguerite of AngoulemeMarguerite of Angouleme Erasmus – most Erasmus – most

influential humanist of the influential humanist of the period. Author of The period. Author of The Praise of FollyPraise of Folly

The Northern RenaissanceThe Northern Renaissance

The culture of The culture of sixteenth century sixteenth century Northern EuropeNorthern Europe

Northern Northern Renaissance Renaissance literatureliterature

Montaigne – EssaysMontaigne – Essays Shakespeare – Shakespeare –

Renaissance and Renaissance and Mannerist playsMannerist plays

Northern Renaissance PaintingNorthern Renaissance Painting

Influence of Protestant Reformation on Influence of Protestant Reformation on paintingpainting

Secular subjectsSecular subjects

DurerDurer

Paintings (portraits) Paintings (portraits) and engravingsand engravings

DurerDurer

DurerDurer

DurerDurer

DurerDurer

GrunewaldGrunewald

Isenheim AltarpieceIsenheim Altarpiece

BoschBosch

Peter BruegelPeter Bruegel

BruegelBruegel

The Protestant ReformationThe Protestant Reformation

Causes:Causes: Radical reshaping of Western societyRadical reshaping of Western society Spiritual yearnings of human beingsSpiritual yearnings of human beings Historical trends occurring during the Middle AgesHistorical trends occurring during the Middle Ages Corruption and abuses in the churchCorruption and abuses in the church Rise of sovereign statesRise of sovereign states Decay of medieval thoughtDecay of medieval thought Revival of humanismRevival of humanism

LutherLuther

In 1517, published his Ninety-five Theses In 1517, published his Ninety-five Theses against sale of indulgences, the sacraments, against sale of indulgences, the sacraments, and authority of the popeand authority of the pope

In 1520 Pope Leo X excommunicated LutherIn 1520 Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther Luther’s beliefsLuther’s beliefs

Salvation comes from God’s grace, not good worksSalvation comes from God’s grace, not good works Sole source of authority was the Bible, not PopeSole source of authority was the Bible, not Pope Retained only two sacraments: baptism and Retained only two sacraments: baptism and

communioncommunion Translated Bible into vernacularTranslated Bible into vernacular Married Katherine von BoraMarried Katherine von Bora

LutherLuther

CalvinCalvin

Institutes of the Christian ReligionInstitutes of the Christian ReligionBelief in predestinationBelief in predestinationGovernment subordinate to the stateGovernment subordinate to the stateCalvinism was the most international of Calvinism was the most international of

the new sectsthe new sects

John CalvinJohn Calvin

The Reform of the English ChurchThe Reform of the English Church

In 1529, King Henry VIII asked the pope to annul In 1529, King Henry VIII asked the pope to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, who failed his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, who failed to produce a male heirto produce a male heir

When the pope denied his request, Henry When the pope denied his request, Henry declared himself head of the Church of England declared himself head of the Church of England

Anglican beliefs are summarized in the Thirty-Anglican beliefs are summarized in the Thirty-nine Articlesnine Articles

Elizabeth became queen and head of the Elizabeth became queen and head of the English Church.English Church.

King Henry VIIIKing Henry VIII

Queen ElizabethQueen Elizabeth

The Counter ReformationThe Counter Reformation

Roman Catholic Reform MovementRoman Catholic Reform MovementThree frontsThree fronts

Reformed papacyReformed papacyNew Monastic OrdersNew Monastic OrdersCouncil of TrentCouncil of TrentChurch’s unyielding positionChurch’s unyielding position

Late Mannerism and the BaroqueLate Mannerism and the Baroque

Influenced by the Counter-ReformationInfluenced by the Counter-ReformationArts and music should be accessible to Arts and music should be accessible to

everyoneeveryoneSole aim of art was to serve the ChurchSole aim of art was to serve the ChurchA simplified art that spoke to the massesA simplified art that spoke to the massesThis didn’t happen until the Baroque This didn’t happen until the Baroque

PeriodPeriodLate Mannerist art was too complexLate Mannerist art was too complex

El GrecoEl Greco

His paintings embody the spirit of Late His paintings embody the spirit of Late MannerismMannerism

SpanishSpanishSpiritual visionSpiritual visionElongated bodies, sharp lines, luminous Elongated bodies, sharp lines, luminous

colorscolors

El GrecoEl Greco

El GrecoEl Greco

El GrecoEl Greco

El GrecoEl Greco

TintorettoTintoretto

Feverish, emotional Feverish, emotional stylestyle

Last SupperLast Supper

TintorettoTintoretto

TintorettoTintoretto

Extra Credit Assignments for this Extra Credit Assignments for this ChapterChapter

Read Erasmus, In Praise of Folly and write Read Erasmus, In Praise of Folly and write a responsea response

Read Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses and Read Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses and write a responsewrite a response

Read Hamlet or watch a version of Hamlet Read Hamlet or watch a version of Hamlet and write a responseand write a response

Required Assignments for this Required Assignments for this chapterchapter

Watch Luther DVD and write a responseWatch Luther DVD and write a response