non photographic sensors

Non-photographic SensorsNon-photographic Sensors

Daniel L. CivcoWB Young 310

486-0148daniel.civco@uconn.edu

Daniel L. CivcoWB Young 310

486-0148daniel.civco@uconn.edu

NRE 2000NRE 2000IntroductionIntroductionto Geomaticsto Geomatics

Spring 2010Spring 2010

NRE 2000NRE 2000IntroductionIntroductionto Geomaticsto Geomatics

Spring 2010Spring 2010

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Continuum of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, only a very small portion of which includes visible light.

Gamma Rays

X Rays Ultraviolet Infrared Microwave Radio

0.4m – 0.7m 0.03 Å – 400 Å 400 Å – 0.4 m 0.7 m – 0.1cm 0.2cm – 20cm 18cm – 3 x 106 m

Increasing Wavelength

Increasing Frequency

Vis

ible

Remote Sensing ProcessRemote Sensing Process

• Energy Source or Illumination (A)• Radiation and the Atmosphere (B)• Interaction with the Target (C)• Recording of Energy by Sensor (D) • Transmission, Reception, and

Processing (E)• Interpretation and Analysis (F)• Application (G)

• Energy Source or Illumination (A)• Radiation and the Atmosphere (B)• Interaction with the Target (C)• Recording of Energy by Sensor (D) • Transmission, Reception, and

Processing (E)• Interpretation and Analysis (F)• Application (G)

Remote Sensing Data Collection Sensor Systems

Remote Sensing Data Collection Sensor Systems

• Remotely sensed data may be collected using a variety of instruments, including:– Analog Frame Photography – Digital Frame Camera Area Arrays – Multispectral Scanning Systems – Linear Array Pushbroom Sensors – Linear Array Whiskbroom Scanners – Hyperspectral Area Arrays

• Remotely sensed data may be collected using a variety of instruments, including:– Analog Frame Photography – Digital Frame Camera Area Arrays – Multispectral Scanning Systems – Linear Array Pushbroom Sensors – Linear Array Whiskbroom Scanners – Hyperspectral Area Arrays

Analog Frame Photography Data Collection Analog Frame Photography Data Collection

Comparison of Four Common Film TypesComparison of Four Common Film Types

BW BW

BWIR BWIR

Color Color

CIR CIR

Digital Frame Photography Data Collection Digital Frame Photography Data Collection

Wavelength (µm)

Digital Image NomenclatureDigital Image Nomenclature

0.47 meter resolution0.47 meter resolution

Four BandsFour BandsBlueBlue

GreenGreenRedRed

Near InfraredNear Infrared

0.47 meter resolution0.47 meter resolution

Four BandsFour BandsBlueBlue

GreenGreenRedRed

Near InfraredNear Infrared

Single frameSingle frame

ADAR MultispectralADAR MultispectralADAR MultispectralADAR Multispectral

1500 columns1500 columns

750 rows750 rows

9 frame9 framemosaicmosaic

ADAR MultispectralADAR MultispectralADAR MultispectralADAR Multispectral

Leica ADS40 MultispectralLeica ADS40 MultispectralLeica ADS40 MultispectralLeica ADS40 Multispectral

John Deere Agri ServicesJohn Deere Agri ServicesJohn Deere Agri ServicesJohn Deere Agri Services

Go to CLEAR Salt Marsh Site Go to CLEAR Salt Marsh Site http://clear.uconn.edu/projects/marshlis/Comparison.htmlhttp://clear.uconn.edu/projects/marshlis/Comparison.html

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Continuum of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, only a very small portion of which includes visible light.

Gamma Rays

X Rays Ultraviolet Infrared Microwave Radio

0.4m – 0.7m 0.03 Å – 400 Å 400 Å – 0.4 m 0.7 m – 0.1cm 0.2cm – 20cm 18cm – 3 x 106 m

Increasing Wavelength

Increasing Frequency

Vis

ible

Simple Non-Imaging Spot Radiometer

Simple Non-Imaging Spot Radiometer

Multispectral Scanner Data Collection Multispectral Scanner Data Collection

Multispectral Scanner OperationMultispectral Scanner Operation

Thermal

VisibleNear andMiddle IR

Raytheon 250Raytheon 250 Thermal ScannerRaytheon 250Raytheon 250 Thermal Scanner

Thermal imager on mount for aerial scanning.

Daytime Thermal Infrared, Middleton, WI 2:40 PM, September 17

Thermal Infrared ImagingThermal Infrared Imaging

Nighttime Thermal Infrared, Middleton, WI 9:50 PM, September 17

Thermal Infrared ImagingThermal Infrared Imaging

Daytime Thermal Infrared, Oak Creek Power Plant, 1:50 PM, March 27

Thermal Infrared ImagingThermal Infrared Imaging

Nighttime Thermal Infrared, Iowa City, 2:00 AM, January Air T = -4o C

Thermal Infrared ImagingThermal Infrared Imaging

Surface IsothermsSurface Isotherms

Powerton Cooling Pond, Daedalus Therma; Scanner

Surface IsothermsSurface Isotherms

Powerton Cooling Pond, Daedalus Thermal Scanner

Surface IsothermsSurface Isotherms

Powerton Cooling Pond, Daedalus Therma; Scanner

Multispectral Scanner OperationMultispectral Scanner Operation

Multispectral Scanner OperationMultispectral Scanner Operation

Cross-track versus Along-track

Cross-track versus Along-track

“Whisk broom” “Push broom”

Example: Landsat Example: SPOT

Scanner (WhiskBroom) Data Collection Scanner (WhiskBroom) Data Collection

Linear Array (Pushbroom) Data CollectionLinear Array (Pushbroom) Data Collection

LandsatLandsat SPOTSPOT

Whisk Broom Push Broom

Area Array Hyperspectral Data Collection Area Array Hyperspectral Data Collection

Typical image cube generated from hyperspectral imaging

Hyperspectral ImageryHyperspectral ImageryHyperspectral ImageryHyperspectral Imagery

A rendition of hyperspectral data cube with false-color 3-band image on the front face of the cube and pseudo-colored edges of bands shown on the bottom and side of the cube, constructed from AVIRIS data from the area of Cuprite, Nevada.

Hyperspectral ImageryHyperspectral ImageryHyperspectral ImageryHyperspectral Imagery

Ingredients of an ImageIngredients of an ImageIngredients of an ImageIngredients of an Image

Earth's SurfaceEarth's Surface

brightness, pollution, other real world activities

Pixels are MIXED

brightness, pollution, other real world activities

Pixels are MIXED

remote sensingsystem or scanner

remote sensingsystem or scanner

Raster ImageRaster ImageRows and Columns of Pixels8 bits = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 256 Shades11 bits = 256 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 2048 Shades

Rows and Columns of Pixels8 bits = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 256 Shades11 bits = 256 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 2048 Shades

Adapted from Skip Maselli

Digital Image Data Properties

Digital Image Data Properties

Pixel Values

Ikonos True Color Composite

Digital Image Data Properties

Digital Image Data Properties

Pixel Values

True Color Composite

Digital Image Data Properties

Digital Image Data Properties

Pixel Values

Band 1 - Blue

Digital Image Data Properties

Digital Image Data Properties

Spatial Profile

Green Green

Green Green

Water Water

Water Water

Trees Trees

Trees Trees

Fairway Fairway

Fairway Fairway SoilSoil SoilSoil

??????

Non-photographic SensorsNon-photographic Sensors

Daniel L. CivcoWB Young 310

486-0148daniel.civco@uconn.edu

Daniel L. CivcoWB Young 310

486-0148daniel.civco@uconn.edu

NRE 2000NRE 2000IntroductionIntroductionto Geomaticsto Geomatics

Spring 2010Spring 2010

NRE 2000NRE 2000IntroductionIntroductionto Geomaticsto Geomatics

Spring 2010Spring 2010