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No Marking Required
No Marking Required
Discharges and Environmental Monitoring 2012
Jim Desmond
Environmental Monitoring & Assessments Manager
WCSSG Environmental Health Sub-committee
Date: 28th November 2013
No Marking Required
No Marking Required
11 April 2023 3
Dose pathways at Sellafield for marine dischargesNo Marking Required
No Marking Required
11 April 2023 4
Sellafield marine monitoring locationsNo Marking Required
No Marking Required
11 April 2023 5
Dose to marine critical group by Radionuclide (91 Sv - seafood consumption - 2012)
No Marking Required
No Marking Required
0
50
100
150
200
250
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
Do
se ( S
v)
Carbon-14 Technetium-99 Plutonium alpha Plutonium-241 Americium-241 Others
11 April 2023 6
Pathway contributions to marine critical group total dose (130 Sv - 2012)
No Marking Required
No Marking Required
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
Do
se
(
Sv
)
Cod Plaice Lobster Crab Nephrops Winkles Mussels & Other Molluscs
Aerial pathways External radiation frombeach occupancy
11 April 2023 7
Pu(alpha) Concentration in Mussels vs. Marine DischargesNo Marking Required
No Marking Required
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Year
Dis
char
ge
(TB
q)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
Bq
/kg
)
Discharge
Concentration in mussels
11 April 2023 8
241Am Concentration in Mussels vs. Marine DischargesNo Marking Required
No Marking Required
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Year
Dis
char
ge
(TB
q)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
Bq
/kg
)
Discharge
Concentration in mussels
11 April 2023 9
Dose from Mussel consumption for Pu(Alpha) and 241Am
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Date
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n r
ate
(kg
/yea
r)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Do
se ( S
v/an
nu
m)
Mussels Consumption rate
Dose - Pu-alpha
Dose - Am-241
No Marking Required
No Marking Required
11 April 2023 10
99Tc Concentrations in Lobster vs. dischargesNo Marking Required
No Marking Required
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012Year
Dis
char
ge
(TB
q)
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
Bq
/kg
)Discharge
Concentration in lobster
11 April 2023 11
Dose from Lobster consumption for 99TcNo Marking Required
No Marking Required
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012Year
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n r
ate
(kg
/yea
r)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Do
se ( S
v/an
nu
m)
Lobster Consumption rate
Dose
11 April 2023 12
Dose pathways at Sellafield for aerial dischargesNo Marking Required
No Marking Required
DispersionCloudCloud
irradiationirradiation
InhalationInhalationDrinkingDrinkingwater water
DepositionDeposition
Milk productionMilk production Milk/meat Milk/meat consumptionconsumption
Consumption ofConsumption offruit & vegetablesfruit & vegetables
Gamma irradiationGamma irradiationfrom groundfrom ground
depositsdeposits
Rainwater
11 April 2023 13
Sellafield terrestrial monitoring locationsNo Marking Required
No Marking Required
11 April 2023 14
Nuclide contributions to terrestrial critical group dose (Foodstuff 9.4 Sv, Total 12 Sv)
No Marking Required
No Marking Required
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
Do
se ( S
v)
Carbon-14 Strontium-90 Technetium-99 Ruthenium-106 Iodine-129 Iodine-131 Caesium-137 Others
11 April 2023 15
Pathway contributions to terrestrial critical group dose (Foodstuff 10 Sv, Total 13 Sv)
No Marking Required
No Marking Required
0
10
20
30
40
50
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
Do
se ( S
v)
Milk Potatoes Other foodstuffs Inhalation Other Discharge Pathways Direct radiation
11 April 2023 16
Review of the Monitoring Programme
• This is the seventh year of the revised monitoring programme.
• The programme continues to work well with no significant omissions.
• Audited by EA/NII in February 2009 and EU (Article 35) in August 2011 – no major issues identified.
• A Best Available Techniques style review of the environmental monitoring programme completed in September 2011.
– http://sellafieldsites.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Environmental-Monitoring-BAT-Case-12-Dec-2011-for-website.pdf
• No changes to programme for 2014.
No Marking Required
No Marking Required
11 April 2023 17
Summary
• Marine discharges remain at historic low levels.• Concentrations of actinides in molluscs continue to decrease.• The combination of decreasing concentrations and
consumption rates has resulted in a further reduction of marine critical group dose, 130Sv.
• Dose to terrestrial critical group remains well below 20Sv.• Doses below 1000Sv dose limit for the general public.
No Marking Required
No Marking Required
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