nk and pv-art-led community revitalization
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ART-LED COMMUNITY REVITALIZATION:THE CASE OF KUDEEJEEN NEIGHBORHOOD, BANGKOK
Niramon Kulsrisombat, Pornsan Vichienpradit
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Chulalongkorn University
CIS-ASIA, Interim report, 150810
Context and rationale: art and revitalization
• Art and the artist playing roles in revitalizing old neighborhoods
• They bring about cultural, • They bring about cultural, physical and economic changes to old, neglected urban communities
• Capital follows culture, which in turn leads to revitalization and gentrification
• The artist is effectively the change agent that initiates such a process a process
• This phenomenon usually occurs without direct involvement of the state
Context and rationale: art and revitalization
• Public policy that utilizes arts as a way to revitalize old neighborhoodsneighborhoods
• From cultural flagship model(economic focus/large-scale/intensive public funding by state) to community-based art-led revitalization model(revitalizing social and cultural meaning, creating local vitality, meaning, creating local vitality, social cohesion, and enhancing active citizenship in long term)
• Need effective institution to support collaboration of collective actors i.e. communities, artistic groups, organizer and government
Context and rationale: art and revitalizationTaipei Yokohama Kanazawa Osaka
National
level
- The Community Renaissance Initiative
- None - None - None
Local
level
-Taipei’s cultural
policies
-The Dalongdong
Cultural District Plan
(DCDP)
- The Dept of Cultural
Affairs (DCA)
- The Local Cultural
Heritage Conservation
Commission (LCHCC)
- Creative City
Yokohama
- Creative Cities Council
- Monozukuri Ordinance
- Creative City of Art
and Culture” Policy
-The Arts Commission
- None
Commission (LCHCC)
- The Cultural Industry
Development
Commission (CIDC)
Community level
- The Bao-an temple neighborhoods
- Artist Village
- Kanazawa Citizen Art Village
- Creative Core Districts - The New World Arts Park Project
- Oten’in Temple
- Creative City Osaka Citizens Council
Case study of 3 creative cities in Asia
Bangkok, with its long history and diverse culture
• Old neighborhoods going through significant changes
– Changing social structure
– Decay of physical environ
– Lack of investment from the private and public sectors
– Though still lively, compared to most American cities, they are in the cities, they are in the decline
Recent policies
• The 11th national plan emphasized the creative-economy policy and the role of art and culture
• Thai-Kem-Kaeng Mission 2010 under Ministry of Culture • Thai-Kem-Kaeng Mission 2010 under Ministry of Culture emphasized the significance of culture diversity and a role of art and culture in community development
• Establishment of Local Culture Council at district level (BMA) and municipality (other provinces)
• Bangkok Creative City
Our questions
• How has art-led community revitalization project been planned and implemented?
• What are the impacts of art-led project on the communities?
Research Methodology
• The Case Study of Kudeejeen Neighborhood and Kudeejeen-Silptamtrok Kudeejeen-Silptamtrok (KS) Art Festival (27-28 March 2010)
• Action research
• Questionnaire survey
• Interview
• Participatory observation
Site Context
• Long history since late 17C• Cultural diversity from 3
religions and 6 ethnic groupsreligions and 6 ethnic groups• Wat-Baan urban structure• Cultural Heritage Mapping
Project by Association of Siamese Architects (ASA) since 2008
• Problems:- Lack of investment from
public and private sectorspublic and private sectors- Changing community
structure- Physical decay- Limited awareness of
cultural heritage - Limited participation in
public issues
Cultural map of Kudeejeen neighborhood
Kudeejeen-Silptamtrok (KS) Art Festival
• Objectives- Increase community
participation through artsparticipation through arts- Raise awareness in the cultural
heritage among community members and other stakeholders
• Various art forms and light installation by professional and amateur artists
• Valuable cultural heritage of 3 religions were highlighted and linked
• Valuable cultural heritage of 3 religions were highlighted and linked
Kudeejeen-Silptamtrok Art Festival map
Festival preparation by community members and volunteers
All religious establishments were highlighted and linked
Also, old alleys, canals and residences
Participated by professional artists
And local amateurs…
Impacts on community participation
2.9
Elementary
Age
17.5< 20
Education
19.6
13.3
35.8
28.3
Elementary
Highschool
Professional
diplomaUndergraduate
Master or higher
17.9
19.6
22.9
10.8
11.3
17.521-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
>60
Income
30.810.0
8.3
< 5000
Length of Stay0.42.1
8.8
Less than 1
• N=240 (from 1,273 HH), random samplings in 4 communities
29.6
21.3
< 5000
5001-10000
10001-15000
15001-20000
> 20001
23.8
65.0
Less than 1
year1-5 years
6-10 years
11-20 years
More than 20
year
Impacts on community participation
Form of participationLevel of participation in previous activitiesand the KS art festival
74.6
18.825.4
81.3
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
Before After
Never
participatedParticipated
Form of participation
5.417.5
5.8
72.5
0.80.0
10.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0
Plan
ning
Prep
arin
gDi
spla
ying
art
wor
ks
Sigh
t-se
eing
Oth
ers
Frequency
and the KS art festival
Before After
Disp
layi
ng a
rt w
orks
• Number of people who participated in community revitalization activities increased from 25.4 % in previous activities to 81.3 % in KS• Most of respondents participated in various ways from sight-seeing (72.5%), preparing (17.5%), displaying art works (5.8%) and planning the activity (5.4%)
Impacts on community participation
88.1%
77.8%
88.5%
81.8% 80.9%
72.1%
81.3%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%80.9%
83.7% 81.3%76.6%
85.7%81.3%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
Age Education
14.3% 14.8%19.2%
27.3%
38.3%
30.2%25.4%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
< 20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 >60 Total
Before
After
30.9%
22.1% 21.9%25.5%
28.6%25.4%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
Elem
enta
ry s
choo
l
High
scho
ol
Prof
essi
onal
Dip
lom
a
Unde
rgra
duat
e
Mas
ter o
r Hig
her
Tota
l
Before
After
86.5%
78.9% 78.4%
66.7%
95.0%
81.3%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
100.0%
90.5%
100.0%
120.0%
Income Length of stay
17.6%
28.2% 29.4%
20.8%
40.0%
25.4%
66.7%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
< 5000 5001-10000 10001-15000 15001-20000 > 20001 Total
Before
After
0.0% 0.0%
9.5% 10.5%
34.0%
25.4%
60.0%
78.9%81.4% 81.3%
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
Less than 1
year
1-5 year 6-10 year 11-20 year More than 20
year
Total
Before
After
• The KS Art Festivals has increased the participation of various community groups especially young and low income groups.
Impacts on community participation
• Most of respondents agreed that the KS art festival has brought positive impacts on communities by improving local image and identity (4.5), enhancing social cohesion (4.39), empowering community (4.37) and inspiring imagination (4.23)
Analysis city innovation: Impacts on community participation
The 2nd KS art festival Form of participationThe 2nd KS art festival Form of participation
• The number and intensity of community participation in the KS art festival tends to increase
Analysis city innovation: The institution of collaboration partnership
Communitymembers
Financial /IdeaTechnical
Temples-Church-Mosque
Association ofSiamese Architects
(ASA)
The KS Art Festival
CommunityLeaders
consulting
Mobilization of Art and Cultural Network
UniversitiesPrivate
CompaniesThailandCreative & Dsgn Center
Artist Network
Community mobilization networks in the cultural festival
NPOs
Artworks / labour
Artworks/labour
Devices /material
PR PR
Analyzing the systems of city innovations
• KS Festival has been successful as community revitalizing tool by: - Increase level community participation through art and cultural - Increase level community participation through art and cultural
activities - Increase awareness of community members towards their
cultural heritage - Increase awareness of potential partners towards the value of
Kudeejeen Neighborhoods • Key actors:
- ASA (core organization)- Community leaders (community mobilizer)- Community leaders (community mobilizer)- Abbots / Priest / Imam (community mobilizer)
• Interaction among actors:- Community level and traditional social structure (Wat-Baan)- Less involvement from city government, local government and
Thonburi District Cultural Council
Government
Office of Permanent Secretary
Dept of Religion
National
Bangkok MetropolitanGovernment
Min.of Cultureelected
Tourism Office
Dept of Religion
Dept of Fine Arts
Office of National Cultural Committee
Office of ContemArts
Anthropo Center
Dept.of City Planning
City RevitalizationOffice
20,000 BTH/Y
Secretary
National
Culture Office
District Office assigned
Dept. of Culture,Tourism and Sport
Flagship projects
Community
District Cultural Council
Subsidy 20
Secretary
Local
Community
Community
Community
Community
Community
Community
Community Dev Office
The KSArt Festivals
Public works Office
Environment Office
Other community-based art-ledelected
Flagship projects
Analyzing the systems of city innovations
• Challenges in the sustainability of the project: - Lack of effective institution to merge community-based project
into formal planning system into formal planning system - Strong top-down in cultural policy- Different notion on “art and culture”
Next step
• Interview with community leaders and other stakeholders • Questionnaire survey after the 2nd KS art festival in November, 2010
Thank you very much
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