nitrogen deposition in rocky mountain national...
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Nitrogen deposition in Nitrogen deposition in Rocky MountainRocky MountainNational ParkNational Park
NPS, USDA-FS, EPA, NSF, UniversitiesColorado DPHE & local partners
Nitrogen deposition in RockyNitrogen deposition in Rocky
• Overall nitrogen deposition is increasing.
• NO3 (combustion sources) makes up >50%.
• NH4 (agricultural sources) is increasing rapidly.
• Local and regional sources contribute to both.
• Local sources may contribute more during spring and summer.
Nitrogen in atmospheric depositionNitrogen in atmospheric depositionSource >>> Emissions >>> Wet Deposition
Combustion:VehiclesEnergy developmentEnergy production
NONOxx
(Nitrogen (Nitrogen oxidesoxides--gases)gases)
NONO33--
(Nitrate(Nitrate--dissolved + dissolved + particulate)particulate)
AgricultureLivestock productionCrop production
NHNH33
(Ammonia gas)(Ammonia gas)
NHNH44++
(Ammonium(Ammonium--dissolved + dissolved + particulate)particulate)
Total Total NONOxx emissions emissions
-- includes mobile and non-point sources
NO3 animationNO3 animation
End of NO3 animationEnd of NO3 animation
Percent change in NOPercent change in NO33-- in in wetfallwetfall
LehmannLehmann et al., et al., Environmental PollutionEnvironmental Pollution 20052005
Improving Trend, p<=0.05
Improving Trend, 0.05<p<=0.15
Degrading Trend, 0.05<p<=0.15
Degrading Trend, p<=0.05
No Trend
Trends in NO3 Concentrations in Precipitation, 1994-2003FY2004 Annual Performance Report for NPS Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)
Air Quality Goal Ia3
02/03/2005
Acadia
Bandelier
Big Bend
Bryce Canyon
Buffalo
Canyonlands
Capulin Volcano
Craters of the Moon
Everglades
Gila Cliff
Glacier
Great Basin
Grand CanyonGreat Smoky Mtns
Guadalupe Mtns
Indiana Dunes
Isle Royale
Little Bighorn
Mesa Verde
Mount Rainier
North CascadesOlympic
Organ Pipe
Rocky Mountain
Sequoia
Shenandoah
Yellowstone
Yosemite
Denali
Downward pointing arrows denote trends toward decreasing nitrate (NO3) concentrations and improving air quality. Similarly, the up arrows correspond to trends toward higher nitrate concentrations and hence worsening air quality.
Total NHTotal NH33 emissionsemissions
-- includes mobile and non-point sources
End of NH4 animationEnd of NH4 animation
Percent change in NH4+ in Percent change in NH4+ in wetfallwetfall
LehmannLehmann et al., et al., Environmental PollutionEnvironmental Pollution 20052005
Improving Trend, p<=0.05
Improving Trend, 0.05<p<=0.15
Degrading Trend, 0.05<p<=0.15
Degrading Trend, p<=0.05
No Trend
Trends in NH4 Concentrations in Precipitation, 1994-2003FY2004 Annual Performance Report for NPS Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)
Air Quality Goal Ia3
02/03/2005
Acadia
Bandelier
Big Bend
Bryce Canyon
Buffalo
Canyonlands
Capulin Volcano
Craters of the Moon
Everglades
Gila Cliff
Glacier
Great Basin
Grand CanyonGreat Smoky Mtns
Guadalupe Mtns
Indiana Dunes
Isle Royale
Little Bighorn
Mesa Verde
Mount Rainier
North CascadesOlympic
Organ Pipe
Rocky Mountain
Sequoia
Shenandoah
Yellowstone
Yosemite
Denali
Snowpack Snowpack chemistrychemistry
••Major ionsMajor ions••NutrientsNutrients••Trace metalsTrace metals••3434S, S, 1515N isotopesN isotopes
- G.P. Ingersoll and others, USGS
Nitrate in Nitrate in Rocky Rocky
Mountain Mountain snowpack snowpack
(average, (average, 19931993--2000)2000)
- G.P. Ingersoll and others, USGS
Annual VWM Inorganic N conc. in Annual VWM Inorganic N conc. in wetfall wetfall
10-year mean DIN concentration (NO3 + NH4)
NADP sites in Colorado and Wyoming > 2400m elevation
05
10152025303540
Sunlig
ht Pea
kFou
r Mile
Park
Wolf Cree
k Pas
sMola
s Pas
s
Buffalo
Pas
s - D
ry La
ke
Buffalo
Pas
s - Sum
mit Lak
eSug
arloa
fNiwot
Saddle
RMNP Bea
ver M
eado
ws
RMNP Loch V
aleSno
wy Ran
geBroo
klyn L
ake
South
Pass C
ityGyp
sum C
reek
DIN
Con
cent
ratio
n in
µ
eq/L
Wyo.Wyo.ZirkelZirkelSW Co.SW Co.W Co.W Co. Front RangeFront Range
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Nitr
ogen
con
c., M
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Inorganic Nitrogen Concentration in Wetfall, Loch Vale NADP site.
NONO33
NHNH44
- from NADP/NTN database
Nitrogen concentrations in Nitrogen concentrations in wetfallwetfallby seasonby season
RMNP Loch Vale NADP 1994-2003 mean concentrations
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1. Fall 2. Winter 3. Spring 4. Summer
Season
Inor
gani
c N
conc
., M
NO3-
NH4+
Airflow into ColoradoAirflow into Colorado
-- Nolan Nolan DoeskenDoesken, state climatologist, state climatologist
Bear Lake, Rocky Mt. Natl. ParkBear Lake, Rocky Mt. Natl. ParkBulk precipitation event samplesBulk precipitation event samples
23 April 19995.7 cm precip
10.1 µmol/l DIN (NH4+ + NO3-)
29 April 19994.2 cm precip
32.5 µmol/l DIN (NH4+ + NO3-)
- Campbell and others, USGS
Sources of nitrogen emissions in ColoradoSources of nitrogen emissions in Colorado
Colorado Natural Gas Marketed Production
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
Pro
duct
ion
(MM
cf)
Source attribution using naturally occurring, Source attribution using naturally occurring, stable isotopes of nitrogen compounds.stable isotopes of nitrogen compounds.
Provide capability of distinguishing between major source categories of emissions.
3 isotopes in NO3: 15N, 18O, 17O15N in NH4
+
Recent advances in methodology expand possibilities.
d15N of Seasonal Snowpack 1994-2001
Campbell and Kendall, unpub. data
Nitrogen deposition in RockyNitrogen deposition in Rocky
• Overall nitrogen deposition is increasing.
• NO3 (combustion sources) makes up >50%.
• NH4 (agricultural sources) is increasing rapidly.
• Local and regional sources contribute to both.
• Local sources may contribute more during spring and summer.
• Next steps?- Integrated modeling and monitoring studies of air
quality + deposition, incorporating natural tracers to identify source categories.
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