nicotine

WELCOME TO MY PRESENTATION

Submitted By: Ahteramul Haque, Student ID: BPH-

110100779, Northern University of

Bangladesh.

Nicotine

HEADLINES OF THIS PRESENTATION

What is nicotine? Something about the story of tobacco. Effects of nicotine on human. Why is nicotine so dangerous? How does nicotine get to human body? Diseases incurred by smoking. Pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics. Treatment options. Anti-Smoking Ad Campaigns.

WHAT IS NICOTINE?

pyridin-N-metylpyrrolidin.

liquid alkaloid included in tobacco .

it is washable .

fresh is odourless, otherwise dirtily smells.

STRUCTURE : NICOTINE

N

N

CH3

SOMETHING ABOUT THE STORY OF TOBACCO

During Antiquity and Middle Ages Europe didn‘t know

about tobacco.

First tobacco was taken to Europe by Kolumbus in the

year 1492

Seeds of tobacco got here some about 20 years later

EFFECTS OF NICOTINE ON HUMAN

has ability to liberate dopamin thereby evoke

pleasant feelings.

helps smokers to refresh memory namely thanks to

activation of acetylcholine steps.

releases epinephrine from suprarenal gland .

WHY IS NICOTINE SO DANGEROUS?

fatal dose is 50mg

attenuation of CNS> apneusis > death

manifestations of poisoning: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,

salivation, cold sweat, fuzziness

HOW DOES NICOTINE GET TO HUMAN BODY?

mostly nicotine is included in tobacco (0.6-8%)

to the bodies it gets by smoking,

nicotinic receptors respond very fast

Incidence on body is up to several minutes, however way

nicotine goes from lungs to the brain nicotine mere 7,5

seconds

DISEASES INCURRED BY SMOKING

Cardio-vascular disorder (25%)

Tuberculous disorder (30%)

Chronic pulmonary disorder (75%)

DETERMINANTS OF TOBACCO USE

Socioeconomic status

Cultural characteristics

Biological elements

Stress

Advertising (for and

against)

Price of tobacco products

Peer pressure

Anti-Smoking Ad Campaigns

PHARMACOKINETICS

Readily absorbed from all over the body, including

Lungs (smoked)

Mucosa (cigar, chewing tobacco, gum, nasal spray)

Skin (patch)

Gastrointestinal tract (uncommon)

PHARMACOKINETICS

Nicotine in smoke peaks in brain very rapidly, despite relatively slow increase in blood concentration

A typical cigarette contains 20 mg of nicotine

~2.5 mg of nicotine is absorbed

Half-life: ~ 2 hours

80-90% metabolized in liver

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Nicotine is a direct agonist for

nicotinic ACh receptors

Nicotine initially causes a rapid

release of adrenaline,

Has powerful effects on peripheral

nervous system, heart, and other

organs

POSITIVE EFFECTS

Increases learning and memory

Enhances connections between sets of neurons

CHRONIC EFFECTS: CANCER

Cancers relating to tobacco include: Mouth Throat Stomach Lung Larynx Esophagus Cervix

CONT…….

Cigarette smoking has been linked to about

90 percent of all lung cancer cases

430,000 annual deaths

ADDICTION

Nicotine meets both the psychological and physiological

measures of addiction

Psychological

Physiological

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Behavior modification Nicotine lozenges Nicotine gum Nicotine patches Nicotine inhaler Nicotine nasal spray