new perspectives for remote sensing of trace gas transport by the asian monsoon

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Martin Riese on behalf of the

PREMIER Mission Avisory Group

and PREMIER study team

New perspectives for remote sensing of trace gas transport by

the Asian Monsoon

International Workshop on Asian Summer Monsoon and Its Role in Global Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange (ASM-STE)

Lhasa, China, July 21-23, 2010

TO OBSERVE ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION

FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE INTERACTIONS

premier –

process exploration through measurements of infrared and millimetre-wave emitted radiation

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Operational Service drivenResearch driven

Earth Explorer Earth Watch

Meteorology w. Eumetsat

GMES

MeteosatMSGEPS (MetOp)MTGPost EPS

Sentinel 1Sentinel 2Sentinel 3Sentinel 4Sentinel 5

www.esa.int/livingplanet

ESA’s Living Planet Programme

Core Missions

Opportunity Missions

GOCELaunched17/3/09

EarthCARE2013

ADM-Aeolus2011

CryoSat 22010

SMOS2009

Swarm2010

EE 72016? ?

EE 82017

User Consultation meeting in early 2012 is final selection point for EE 7:PREMIER, Biomass, CoreH2O

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1. Scientific background and instrument

concept

2. Phase-0 studies with respect to transport in

the region of the Asian Monsoon

3. Narrow down uncertainties in the

representation of UTLS transport and

mixing

(Part of Science Impact Study during

phase-A)

Content

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Scientific background

Changes in the UTLS have a large impact on surface temperature !

Surface temperature sensitivity / unit mass change [relative scale]

Pre

ssu

re (

hP

a)

Ozone Water vapour

Tropopause

24 km

~6 km

Methane

P. Forster,RFA 2008

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Improved prediction capabilities of CCM require quantitative understanding of processes that control the composition of the UTLS !

Scientific background

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The aim of PREMIER is to quantify the dynamical, radiative, and chemical processes controlling global atmospheric composition in the mid-upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (5 – 25 km height), to which surface climate is particularly sensitive.

Mission objectives:

PREMIER = PRocess Exploration through Measurements of Infrared and millimetre-wave Emitted Radiation

Theme 1: UTLS structure and its impact on surface climate and dynamical couplingTheme 2: Impact of convection, pyroconvection and their outflow on the UTLSTheme 3: Trace gas exchange between troposphere and stratosphere (focus on Asian Monsoon !)Theme 4: Processes linking the UTLS to the lower troposphere

Mission themes:

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Observational requirements• Altitude range: 5 - 55 km • Minimum 4 year mission duration• Metop Orbit (sun-synch. , 9.30h, 98° incl.) • Multiple trace gases (and clouds) at high 3D-resolution

Typhoon

PREMIER

MIPAS

Dynamics: 0.5 km x 25 km x 50 km Chemistry: 1.5 km x 80 km x 100 km

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• First Infra-Red FTS Limb-Imager (IRLS) with integrated Cloud Imager

(IRCI)

(Riese et al., ASR, 2005; Friedl-Vallon et al., ASR, 2006)

• MM-Wave Limb-Sounder (MWLS) optimized for upper troposphere

Instrument concept

4000 simultaneous limb views (interferogramms)In ~3.5 seconds !!!

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• Limb-views coincident with Metop nadir views

Observation concept

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Airborne demonstration and tomographie

GLORIA-AB on Geophysica and HALO (JÜLICH and KIT)

First Geophysica mission in summer 2011 !

Source: FZJ-ZAT

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1. Scientific background and instrument

concept

2. Phase-0 studies with respect to transport in

the region of the Asian Monsoon

3. Narrow down uncertainties in the

representation of UTLS transport and mixing

(Part of Science Impact Study during

phase-A)

Content

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Convective uplift in the area of the Asian monsoon

Transport affects 3D structure of methane in the UTLS and global radiative forcing !

GEMS CH4 – Aug to Oct’03Enhanced methane emissions over wetlands in India and Bangladesh

18 km

0 km

Height of1.9 ppmvcontour

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Retrieval Simulations for PREMIER IRLS and IASI

PREMIER captures the structure of the plume in the UTLS. IASI provides the extension to the sources. Example of feasibility of secondary mission aim

GEMS

IASI IRLS+IASI

IRLS

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Transport in the vicinity of the TTL

CLaMS Simulation of H2O at 18 km altitude (420 K) – Juli to

Dez’03

Mixture of • of young air in center of Asian monsoon lifted by convective transport• and of older air mixed-in from extra-tropics by quasi-horizontal transport

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Retrieval Simulation for IRLS (Dynamics Mode)

PREMIER is capably to resolve small-scale trace gas structures

Gap between previous satellite and airborne observations are filled

H2O

CLaMS

O3

CLaMS

IRLS IRLS~18km ~19km

Lat

itu

de

Lat

itu

de

Longitude Longitude

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1. Scientific background and instrument

concept

2. Phase-0 studies with respect to transport in

the region of the Asian Monsoon

3. Narrow down uncertainties in the

representation of UTLS transport and

mixing

(Part of Science Impact Study during

phase-A)

Content

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Motivation

Failing water vapour distribution of the Eulerian scheme (E39) is largely responsible for the cold bias in the polar troposphere and cold pole problem in the polar lower stratosphere

Impact on surface climate will be investigated as part of the PREMIER Science Impact Study

E39 - Eulerian E39 - Lagrange

• Comparison of CCM (DLR) water vapour fields with HALO

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Sensitivity of trace gas concentrations to vertical velocity representation

• Higher dispersion in kinematic case and frequent subsidence in higher TTL and LS in kinematic case leads to lower water vapour and higher ozone.

• Observational evidence that diabatic scheme is superior (Plöger et al., in prep.)

Diabatic case Kinematic Case

Plöger et al., in prep.

• 60-day backward trajectories starting in the tropics at 400K based on ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis (Simmons et al., 2006; Uppala et al., 2008)

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Dependence of UTLS H2O on vertical velocity scheme in multi-annual CLaMS simulations

• Water vapour difference (%) between kinematic and adiabatic case

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Next steps

• Quantify impact of transport/mixing schemes on surface climate in CCMs (RF calculations by Piers Forster; Analysis of CCM results).

• Characterize impact of transport/mixing schemes on tracer structures such as tropopause folds and filaments based on global CLaMS runs with 25km horizontal resolution. The Asian monsoon appears to be a good test environment (see presentation of Yong Wang)

• Show potential of PREMIER to narrow down uncertainties transport and mixing schemes.

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Summary and outlook

PREMIER of three candidate missions selected for Phase A study by ESA

in early 2009. Final selection will take place in early 2012

PREMIER will bring into sharp focus processes linking atmospheric

composition and climate !

For the first time, global 3-D distributions in the UTLS will be observed

from space with resolution needed to investigate the underlying key

processes.

PREMIER will also contribute to global height-resolved monitoring and

operational applications in mission time-frame

Development schedule compatible with launch during 2016 as

Earth Explorer 7 according to an ESA assessment.