new framework students book unit 7
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7/28/2019 New Framework Students Book Unit 7
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One world Inversion The environment Expressing doubt Reporting questions, Holidays Waste / rubbish
intentions & advice Rhetorical expressions Letter to the editor
7
Something in the air
Vocabulary & Speaking
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photos and link them to the
expressions in the box. Then answer the questions.
the greenhouse effect carbon emissions
climate change global warming
water shortages loss of biodiversity
1 What environmental problem does each picturerepresent?
2 To what extent is your country affected by each
problem?
3 Which of these problems are you most
concerned about? Why?
Reading
1 Work in pairs. Read the following opinions and
discuss whether or not you agree with them.
1 Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere do not cause climate change.
2 Reducing carbon emissions may have a
negative effect on developing countries.
3 Global warming is not caused by the
greenhouse effect.
4 Nature is responsible for a lot more carbon
emissions than human activity.
5 High levels of industrial activity do not cause
atmospheric temperatures to rise.
2 Read an article from a scientific website. Which of
the opinions above are mentioned?
Try the internet activities for this unit at www.webframework.net
No one disagrees that the Earths climate is changing, and always has been,nor that it is getting warmer at the moment. But while some believe that
human activity is responsible for global warming, others take the view that it
is a natural phenomenon.The main claim of environmental sceptics is that carbon dioxide released as aresult of human activity is not responsible for global warming, and that higher
levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are not the cause of climate change.Others worry that focusing on the need to reduce carbon emissions mayprevent development in Third World countries, which in turn will hinder efforts
to overcome poverty and disease. One Kenyan development expert says, I dontsee how a solar panel is going to power a steel industry or a railway network.We are being told dont touch your oil, dont touch your coal. That is suicide.
The generally accepted model of the greenhouse effect suggests that the
suns rays generate heat, which is trapped by greenhouse gases in theatmosphere making the Earth warm enough for life to flourish. According tothis theory, if human activity leads to higher concentrations of greenhouse
gases, then the atmosphere will heat up more quickly than the planetssurface, causing global warming. However, scientific data collected fromsatellites does not support this theory.
The sceptics argue further that carbon dioxide is producednaturally in quantities which are far higher than those resulting
from human activity via volcanic eruptions, decaying vegetation
and bacteria. Some even go so far as to accuse humanity ofarrogance in believing itself to be more destructively powerful than
nature. They point out that climate data shows that in the last10,000 years, the warmest periods occurred long before humansbegan to produce carbon dioxide on an industrial scale. And when
industrial carbon dioxide emissions increased sharply in the post-war industrial boom, atmospheric temperatures actually fell.
Global warming clearly requires some kind of explanation, though,and if human activity is not held responsible then one possibility is
that it is the result of solar activity. At different points in the Earthshistory, solar activity has led to reductions in cloud formation.
Since clouds protect the Earth from the suns rays, the result hasbeen higher atmospheric temperatures. Whether this in itself fullyexplains global warming is debateable, but it does suggest that
humanitys guilt has yet to be proved beyond all reasonable doubt.
a b
c d
http://www.globaldebate.com
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Unit 7: One world63
7One world
TAKEAWAY ENGLISH: Expressing doubt
1 Use these words to form four phrases which the film reviewer uses to express doubt.
1 if / surprised / be / Id many people watching it more than once.
2 whether / I / but / doubt anyone finds it easy to ignore the evidence.
3 not / chance / much / theres / of anyone who has seen it remaining unaffected by its message.
4 I / see / really / cant hes ready to put his feet up just yet.
2 7.2 Listen to four conversations in which people express doubt. What is the topic of each conversation?
. a business deal the weather an accident a relationship
3 Listen again. Which phrase from part 1 is used in each conversation? What doubts do the people express?
4 Write four sentences expressing your doubts about the following topics.
1 life on other planets
2 world peace
3 the existence of the Loch Ness Monster
4 the weather next weekend
5 Work in pairs. Read your sentences to each other. Do you share the same doubts?
Ways to save the Earth: Try the interactive activity for this topic on your CD-ROM
3 Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 In what way has global warming divided opinion?
2 How could pressure to reduce carbon emissions
affect developing countries?
3 Why is the greenhouse effect essential for life
on Earth?
4 What evidence is there against the theory that
an increase in greenhouse gases is causing
global warming?
5 What does climate data for the last 10,000 years
suggest about global warming?
6 What do some scientists believe is the
explanation for global warming?
4 Work in pairs. Which of the words in the box would
you use to describe the following. Give reasons for
your answers.
disbelieving angry despairing astonishedsuspicious sceptical neutral open-minded
1 the authors attitude to environmental sceptics
2 the attitude of the Kenyan development expert
3 your own reaction to the text
Listening & Speaking
1 Work in pairs. Look at the film poster and discuss the
questions.
1 What truth do you think the title refers to? In
what way might it be inconvenient?
2 Why do you think the film is so terrifying?
2 7.1 Listen to a radio review of An Inconvenient Truth .
Is the review generally positive or negative?
3 Are these statements true (T) or false (F) according
to the reviewer? If false, explain why.
1 The film is a little hysterical at times.
2 The information in the film is very convincing.
3 Al Gore is a scientific expert on climate change.
4 The film spends too long talking about Gores
involvement in the project.
5 The message of the film is not entirely pessimistic.
6 It is not clear if the film will have a long-term
effect on environmental policies.
4 Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.
1 What criticism do you think the film has
received from Gores political enemies?
2 In what way do you think state-of-the-art
graphics help Gore to present his argument?
3 What aspects of climate change do the
photographs and animations in the film show?4 What aspects of the film might make it more
successful than similar ones on the same subject?
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Vocabulary & Speaking
Holidays
1 Look at the photos of people on holiday and match
them to the types of holiday in the box.
camping holiday cruise inter-rail holiday
sightseeing holiday package tour
skiing holiday family holiday
sightseeing holiday b
2 Discuss the questions in pairs.
1 Which of these types of holiday have you been on?
2 Which ones would you like to try? Why?
3 Which would you prefer to avoid? Why?
Reading
1 Work in pairs. You are going to read some advice for
people considering a type of holiday called
voluntourism. Before reading, discuss these questions.
1 What sort of places do people go to on a
voluntourism holiday?
2 What kinds of activities does voluntourism involve?
3 What preparation would you need to do before
going on this type of holiday?
2 Read the webpage and check your answers.
3 Without looking back at the text, write down...
1 three things to do before choosing a
voluntourism holiday.
2 three questions to ask once youve chosen a project.
4 Work in pairs. Compare your lists. Then read the text
again and check.
Voluntourism
a b
e
Majorcafrom
t300!
Majorcafrom
t300!
Forget package tours or luxury cruises. No more sightseeing
trips to the local castle or hours spent wandering round
souvenir shops. These are holidays of the past. Or at least
they might be, if the latest trend to hit the travel industry
takes off. Combining a holiday abroad with volunteering on
local projects is one way for travellers and holiday-makers
alike to immerse themselves in local cultures and really make
a difference. Many returning travellers say its a life-changing
experience. But is volunteer travel or voluntourism for
you? Here are our tips to help you decide.
1 Look for something you feel passionate about. There are
numerous ways to help the environment, from helping to
protect endangered animals to providing much-needed
assistance to victims of natural disasters.
2 Be honest with yourself about the kind of person you are.
Living and working in unfamiliar cultures, with people whose
views may differ greatly from yours, can be alienating and
stressful, even for the most open-minded of people.
3 Remember that this is your holiday and there will be times
when you want to be a tourist, not a volunteer. Its a good
idea to choose a company which includes both
volunteering and sightseeing.
4 When youve identified some interesting projects, it is
advisable to find out exactly what your volunteering
duties might involve in each case. You may not be suited
to construction work, for example, or you may lack the
confidence to teach a class of schoolchildren. Make sure
you take your skills and physical fitness into account.
5 Contact the organiser of the trip you choose and ask
for more information about the region and the project. Itmay be in a large city with modern comforts available,
or it may be in an isolated village with no plumbing
facilities.
6 It is strongly recommended that you check what the cost
of the trip covers. It may just pay for you to participate in
the project, but not for your accommodation or food.
You may also have to pay extra for the assistance of
local staff in the country you are going to.
7 The company should provide you with information
about what vaccinations you need, but if not, make
sure you ask directly. The best companies will also
provide an information pack about the project and the
country you are going to. Find out what guidance is
available during and after the trip, too.
www.volunteerholidays.com
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Listening & Speaking
1 7.3 Listen to a description of one of the voluntourism
holidays below. Which one is being described?
3 Work in pairs.
Student A: Turn to page 119.
Student B: Turn to page 125.
4 7.4 Listen to four people giving their opinions about
these holidays and complete the table.
2 Listen again and complete the corresponding
information card.
Preferred place Reasons
Lorna done a bit ofdiving already
Dave
Shona TanzaniaMajeed
You
Your partner
5 What reasons do Lorna and Majeed give for not
choosing the other two holidays?
6 Which of the holidays would you most like to go on?
Complete the corresponding row of the table.
7 Work in pairs. Ask your partner about his / her
preferences and complete the final row of the table.
The Real Thing: Rhetorical expressions
1 7.5 Listen to these sentences from Transcript 7.4
and complete the gaps.
1 So thats the one Id go for, although
I think Ill be going to the Costa del
Sol again, as usual.
2 , though, helping the children of
poor families in Africa is such a worthwhile
thing to do.
3 But it all sounds a little too much
like hard work to me.
4 Ive always had a thing about elephants,
.
2 What is the function of each of these four
expressions? Do you have similar expressions inyour language?
3 7.6 Listen to two dialogues. Which other
expressions did you hear? Why did the speakers
use each of these expressions?
4 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions using the
expressions from parts 1 and 3.
1 Do you think voluntourism is an effective
way to raise awareness of environmental
issues? Why? / Why not?
2 What kinds of people would be most suited
to a voluntourism holiday?3 Would you like to go on a holiday like this?
Why? / Why not?
c d
gf
Country:
Typeofproject:
Mainresponsibilities:
Free-timeactivities:walkintotowntomeetlocals,
Benefitstothevolunteer:
Country:
Type of project:
Main responsibilities:
Free-time activities:
Benefits to the volunteer: helping to conserve
Country:
Typeofproject:community work
Mainresponsibilities:
Free-time activities:
Benefitstothevolunteer:
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Waste not, want not
Speaking & Listening
1 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions and tick ()
the answers that apply to you. Compare with your
partner.
2 7.7 Listen to four people explaining their views on
recycling. Which of the factors in question 2 of the
recycling survey above are mentioned by Owen (O),
Leonard (L), Maggie (M) and Robert (R)?
Recycling1 How often do you recycle things?
K Always.
K Whenever something can be recycled.
K As often as possible, but it depends how
busy I am.
K Occasionally, when I feel particularly guilty
about the environment.
K Never.
2 Why do people recycle things?K Government advertising and publicity
campaigns.
K Availability of resources for recycling
(e.g. containers for separating rubbish).
K Friends and neighbours.
K The media.
K Their conscience.
City Council Survey
How ecological are you?: Try the interactive activity for this topic on your CD-ROM
3 Listen again. Are these statements true (T) or false
(F)? Correct the false sentences.
1 Owen now separates his rubbish into four
different categories. T
2 He thinks recycling should be easier for him
than for the family next door.
3 Leonard is dubious about the councils motives
for raising environmental issues.
4 He believes that the councils campaign will be
a long-term one.
5 Maggie does not mind walking for ten minutes
to the recycling containers.
6 She feels that a realistic proposition would be
for the council to collect the rubbish separately
from each persons house.
7 Robert was surprised to discover how much
rubbish people throw away.
8 He is sure that individuals can make a bigdifference.
Vocabulary
Waste / rubbish
1 Match these definitions to either waste or rubbish.
a) Things that you throw away because they are
no longer required.
b) Useless material or substances left after you use
something.
c) Something which is nonsense or of no value.
2 Which of the words below can be used with waste
(W), rubbish (R) or both (B)?
industrial W nuclear recycle
throw out collect dump hazardous
smelly absolute toxic total
3 Junk can also be used to modify nouns: you can say
junk foodand junk mail . Can you think of any more?
4 What other words can be used in the same way as
rubbish?
5 Complete the sentences with one of the collocationsin Exercises 2 and 3. In some cases, more than one
answer may be correct.
1 I think that campaign is .
2 They havent come to today,
the streets really smell.
3 Some of the neighbours are so rude they just
wherever they like.
4 Theres never anything in my inbox, just
.
5 The only way to keep the planet green
is to .
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Speaking & Reading
1 Work in pairs. Make a list of the different ways waste
can be dealt with.
You can bury it. You can dump it in the sea.
2 Read the article and underline the different ways
of dealing with waste.
3 Read the article again and make a list of the
advantages or disadvantages of these ways
of dealing with waste.
4 Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.
1 What do you think is the best way to deal withwaste?
2 Do you think a policy of zero waste would be
successful in your country? Why? / Why not?
Language focus
Inversion
Practice
1 Complete these sentences with no sooner (than) , not
only (but also), never or not even .
1 No sooner do you arrive you findyourself in a world of peace and relaxation.
2 with a significant pay rise will our
workers consider returning to work. The
company must improve our working conditions.
3 in my life have I experienced such
rudeness and appalling service in a restaurant.
4 has inflation increased under the
present government, unemployment
is rising.
2 Where might you find each of the sentences in
Exercise 1? Match them to the situations.
a) a letter of complaint c) a holiday brochure
b) a political speech d) a union strike
3 Work in pairs. Choose one of the situations in
Exercise 2. Write three more sentences to go with
the situation.
No sooner had we sat down than the waiter moved usto a different table.
Not only did the waiter put his thumb in my soup, buthe also
Although waste disposal is a huge problem formany countries, there is hope on the horizon.New rules mean that countries have to reduce landfillsbecause of the threat they pose to public health, and,while incineration seems attractive, there are politicaland financial problems with this option. Indeed, onlyif countries actually reduce the amount of waste theygenerate in the first place will the problem of wastedisposal become manageable. Many are in fact alreadyturning to a system called zero waste, which it ishoped will bring about the end of landfills anddramatically reduce the need for incinerators.
The idea is that everything should be made frommaterials that can be repaired, reused or recycled,with governments, councils and industry workingtogether to find ways either to turn waste into aprofitable resource or to design it out of the systemcompletely. Many cities around the world haveintroduced a three-level waste collection system,separating organic waste, dry recyclables such asbottles and plastics, and dangerous materials such asbatteries. No sooner do they introduce these systemsthan they suddenly find that they are recycling morethan 50 per cent of their waste.
Not only does zero waste help the environment, butit can also make money. Small businesses that recyclewaste can create jobs in areas of high unemployment.Twenty per cent of waste is difficult or expensive torecycle, but zero waste proposes a system that simplyremoves such materials from the system.
How is this sentence different from the one
highlighted in the article about waste?Zero wastenot onlyhelps the environment, butit
can also make money.
Inversion is a technique used to add emphasis to
an argument.
Complete the rule:
If you putNot onlyat the of a sentence,
you have to the subject and the auxiliary
verb. When there is no auxiliary verb, use the
appropriate form ofdo.
Look at the phrases in the box. What do they have
in common?
No sooner than Not only ... but (also)...
Only if... Never / Rarely... Not even...
Find two more examples of these phrases in the
article. Which auxiliary verb is used to make the
inversion in each case?
See Reference Guide, p.14.
See Workbook, p. 45, exs.12.
Inversion after not only: Try the interactive activity for this topic on your CD-ROM
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The best alternatives
Being green: Try the interactive activity for this topic on your CD-ROM
Form of energy Advantages Disadvantages
1 BiomassEnough produced annually to meet
Costs much
Considerable impact on Large turbines are ugly and spoil the natural2
Can be beauty of the countryside
Important for3
Great benefits for
4They are less
Equipment needed is
Listening
1 7.8 Listen to experts talking about four of the alternative energy sources above. Complete the first column of the table.
2 Listen again and complete the notes in the second column.
3 Listen one more time and make notes in the third column.
4 Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions. Give reasons for your answers.
1 Which speaker do you think sounds least positive about his / her form of energy?
2 Which of these forms of energy do you think will be used most in the future?
Vocabulary & Speaking
Alternative energy
1 Look at the photos. What do they have in common?
2 Match the photos to the alternative energy sources
in the box.
biomass wave power solar power
wind power geothermal power
3 Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.
1 What do you know about how these different
energy systems work?
2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
each system?
a b
cd
e
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Language focus
Reporting questions, intentions & advice
Practice
1 Report these examples of direct speech using the
reporting verbs provided.1 Listen Sophie, the best thing to do is to end
your relationship with Dan.
Jill advisedSophie to end her relationship with Dan.2 Excuse me, can you tell me if theres another
train before 11 oclock?
Joanna enquired
3 You should definitely do that teaching course,
Mick. Youd really enjoy it.
Gareth encouraged
4 Thanks for lending me that cash, Terry. Ill pay
you back tomorrow.
Janet promised
5 We need some milk, but I dont know if the
supermarket will still be open.
Ravi wondered
2 Work in pairs. Take turns to recommend holiday
destinations, giving reasons.
3 Work with a new partner. Report your conversations
and decide which destination sounds most attractive.
Gabrielle encouraged me to go to Paris and suggestedI visit the Louvre.
Writing
Letter to the editor
1 Work in pairs. Read the letter to a local newspaper
and discuss these questions.
1 What reason does Richard Tallis give for writing
the letter?
2 What arguments does he use to support his
opinion?
3 Why do you think the newspaper editor decided
to publish the letter?
2 You are going to write a letter to a local newspaper
expressing concern about an environmental issue.Think about the following:
your reason(s) for writing the letter
the arguments you can use to support your opinion
how you can encourage the editor to publish
your letter.
3 Write your letter. When you have finished, put all the
letters together to make a newspaper letters page.
Read the other letters and choose one that you
would like to reply to.
PronunciationPronunciation & Spelling I
Do Pronunciation Worksheet 7.
Now do Unit Test 7 on your CD-ROM
Match the extracts (14) from Transcript 7.8 to the
functions (ad).1 We suggest that modern society move away
from excessive dependence on fossil resources
2 we advise politicians to consider the long-
term benefits
3 many scientists are wondering if geothermal
reservoirs will last long enough
4 many Western governments have promised
to investigate its potential more thoroughly.
a) reporting a yes / no question
b) reporting advice
c) reporting a promise
d) reporting a suggestion
Complete each rule (14) with one of the
structures (ad) below.
1 To report a yes / no question we can use
wonder+ .
2 To report advice we can use advise + .
3 To report a promise we can usepromise + .
4 To report a suggestion we can use suggest+
.
a) someone + to-infinitive b) to-infinitive
c) if-clause (ifcan be replaced bywhether)
d) that-clause
Match these other reporting verbs to the structures
(ad) above.
enquire recommend encourage offer
See Reference Guide, p.15.
See Workbook, pp. 4546, exs. 34.
Aberdeen6th August, 2010
Dear Sir / Madam
I am writing to enquire whether your readers share myconcern about the governments plans to construct ten newwind farms around the UK in the next five years. Iunderstand that wind farms are a good source of alternativeenergy. However, they are noisy and ugly, and they damagethe habitat of a great deal of wildlife. If thesefarms are built, fewer tourists will visit the coastand the economy will suffer as a result. Thefuture of the planet is obviously important, butwe must not ignore the possible negative effectsof environment policies. I would be interested toread how other people feel about this matter.
Yours faithfully,
Richard Tallis
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