ndsu animal sciences animal agrosecurity charlie stoltenow, dvm, dacvpm associate...

NDSU Animal SciencesNDSU Animal Sciences

Animal Agrosecurity

Charlie Stoltenow, DVM, DACVPMAssociate Professor/Extension Veterinarian

ANSC 488, March 25, 2010

Special thanks to the Extension Disaster Education Network(EDEN) and the University of Kentucky Extension Service

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Dairy Basics

• Milking Cows– Cows milked 2 – 3

times per day– Cow has to calve in

order to produce milk– Many cows may be

pregnant while milking

• Other Dairy Animals– Replacement heifers/Open cows– Calves housed in hutches, hand-fed

• Logistics– Milk pick-up every other day for processing– Transportation/housing for off-farm events

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Paul & Joan’s Family Farm

• Paul – Father

• Joan – Mother

• Scott – 16-year-old son

• Bonnie – 8-year-old daughter

• Two farm employees

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Paul & Joan’s Farm Operation

• Neighboring farms• Pastures• Corn fields• Pond – water for

replacement heifers• Old well – crop and

livestock needs• Farmhouse – municipal

water supply• Goats, dogs, etc.

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An Unfolding Crisis

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Setting Bonnie wins a ribbon

at a large multi-species livestock exhibition

Early June during a rainy period

Insect problems abundant

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After the Exhibition

• Day 1 – 4-H picnic at Paul and Joan’s farm– Children played with the goats, calves, and

beagle puppies all the over farm

• Day 2– Goats become ill on Paul and Joan’s farm

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More Problems

• Day 3– Heifers sold by Paul to out-of-state producer

who came to look at the heifers that day

• Day 4– Heifers on Paul’s farm become ill– Called extension agent– Aborted fetus found in the heifers’ pen

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• Where are some areas where Paul’s actions might be found lacking?

Assessing Paul’s Response

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Diagnostics Begin

• Day 5– Paul’s cows start to abort– Reduced milk production– Rain resumes– Veterinarian contacted– Necropsy performed/samples taken

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Regulatory Action

• Day 6– All cows abort– State Veterinarian contacted– FADD arrives– Samples taken– USDA lab diagnostics

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Human illnesses

• Day 7– Neighbor’s child sick– Neighbor’s animals off-feed

• Day 8– Beagle puppies dead– State lab unable to diagnose– Bonnie becomes ill

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• What are some good biosecurity measures that should have been implemented?

• What are some other issues that should be addressed?

Biosecurity

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Scope of Incident Expands

• Day 9– Regional FADDs investigating– Public Health Department alerted– Link to exhibition suspected– Multiple states involved

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Diagnosis

• Day 10– RVF confirmed– FBI investigates

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International Consequences

• Widespread stop movement orders• Trade embargoes• Joint Operations Center established

– Local– State– Federal

• Joint Information Center established– Media/public information

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JOC and JIC

• Federal Bureau of Investigation• Public Health• United States Department of Agriculture• State departments of Agriculture• Food and Drug Administration • Federal Emergency Management Agency• Law enforcement• Environmental Protection Agency• Department of Transportation• Department of Fish and Wildlife

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• Could the US economy be affected by a Rift Valley Fever (RVF) outbreak?

• In a scenario such as the RVF outbreak, how could the US consumer confidence in meat, milk, eggs and other foods be affected after the diagnosis is made?

Economics

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Management

• What modifications to Paul’s farming operation could reduce the effects of this type of incident?

• What prevention or mitigation actions may have reduced the exposure of Bonnie’s goats to any disease at the exhibition?

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Animal Identification

• How would a database of individual animal identification information and a list of pen locations of exhibited animals assist trace-back and trace-forward identification of cases of RVF?

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• What frameworks exist for local, state, and federal agencies to provide an organized, efficient, and coordinated response?

• During a RVF outbreak in the United States, what potential response tasks may be required?

Coordinated Response

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Public Information

• How should Extension agents and veterinarians handle phone calls from the media?

• What can be done to address rumors that may circulate on the Internet or by email, television, and radio during a disease outbreak like RVF?

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Containment/Eradication

• People infected with RVF can be a source of the virus for mosquitoes and other insects. Could people be quarantined and confined to hospitals or homes in this situation?

• How difficult could it be to eliminate an insect-borne foreign animal disease from North America?

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• What differences could geographic location have on the persistence of an insect vector-borne foreign animal disease outbreak over time?

Containment/Eradication

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• What psychological, social, and economic issues may arise from a foreign animal disease outbreak?

Social Effects

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• Could insurance and indemnity programs play a role in the recovery phase of a foreign animal disease outbreak?

Recovery

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The Need for Functional Exercises

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Agricultural Significance/Vulnerability

• Significance– Livestock and poultry - $100 billion/year– 17% of American jobs– Exports - $50 billion/year

• Vulnerability– Spinach – E. coli – Peanut Butter – Salmonella – Great Britain – FMD & BSE

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Animal Agosecurity• Prevention• Surveillance

– Local veterinarians– Extension personnel– Animal diagnostic laboratories– Producers

• Biological risk management• Owners responsible for animal health

– Work with animal health professionals to develop a biosecurity plan

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Animal Agosecurity Program

• Should vary by operation

• Economics

• Components– Resistance– Isolation– Traffic control– Sanitation and disinfection

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Resistance and Isolation

• Resistance– To infection– To illness after infection– As a result of vaccination

• Isolation– Health monitoring– Containment for 28 days

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Traffic Control and Sanitation

• Traffic control– People– Vehicles– Animals

• Sanitation– Clean, hygienic conditions– Clothing, equipment, people, etc.

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Coordinated Response• Interaction among many agencies

– Local– State– Federal

• Common local emergency responders– Fire– Rescue– Police– EMT

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Local Veterinarian

• Trained to recognize disease

• Trained to take samples

• Trained to report suspicious diseases to regulatory authorities– State Veterinarian– Federal Veterinarian

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Office of the State Veterinarian• Regulatory authority to enforce

regulations and quarantines • Should be contacted when suspicion

of an FAD or other reportable disease exists

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Office of the Federal Veterinarian

• Has access to incredible resources– FADD– Diagnostic Laboratories– Personnel– USDA emergency funds

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