navigation in smaller spaces steve smyth – mobilegis ltd, cork, ireland steve@mobilegis.com...

Navigation in Smaller SpacesNavigation in Smaller Spaces

Steve Smyth – MobileGIS Ltd, Cork, Irelandsteve@mobilegis.com

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Smaller Spaces

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

SummarySummarySummarySummary

1. Personal Navigation1. Personal Navigation

2. Large Spaces 2. Large Spaces

3. Smaller Spaces3. Smaller Spaces

4. Evolution from Large to Smaller4. Evolution from Large to Smaller

5. Site and Building Directories5. Site and Building Directories

6. Role of Standards6. Role of Standards

Personal NavigationPersonal NavigationPersonal NavigationPersonal Navigation

• Visiting things• Component tasks– Selecting a destination thing– Planning– Wayfinding– Guidance– Understanding local environment

• Mediated by mobile device

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

Navigation Before NowNavigation Before NowNavigation Before NowNavigation Before Now

• Limited mostly to driving in large spaces– Consequence of largeness– Restricted business model

• Roads afford driving• Other features and their affordances and lack

of affordances are mostly ignored• [Games, military, flight, and industrial

simulations]

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

Spaces in which Things Find ThemselvesSpaces in which Things Find ThemselvesSpaces in which Things Find ThemselvesSpaces in which Things Find Themselves

• Space of large things– Inside (mostly doesn’t happen)– Outside (mostly everything)– Approximately 2D (complete visualisation)

• Space of small things– Inside (surrounds)– Outside (up to half visible)– Inherently 3D– Artificial caves (buildings, tunnels) important

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

Large SpacesLarge SpacesLarge SpacesLarge Spaces

• Perfect knowledge navigation– Single source models– Complete– Consistent

• Human cognition easy– Path knowledge – route/directions/simulation– Network knowledge – subway map– Area knowledge - map

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

A Large SpaceA Large SpaceA Large SpaceA Large Space

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

Smaller SpacesSmaller SpacesSmaller SpacesSmaller Spaces

• Inherently three dimensional• Interior and exteriors matter• Exteriors are understandable as a whole– Shell of structure hulls – “built caves”– “Slide show” of visualizations

• Interiors are sequences of chambers – Connected by portals– Shell of chamber hull– Even simple buildings cannot be visualised

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

DetailDetail

New Factors in Smaller SpacesNew Factors in Smaller SpacesNew Factors in Smaller SpacesNew Factors in Smaller Spaces

• Perfect knowledge model breaks down• Too much detail• Too many sources• Too much change• No consistency• Incompleteness– Closed world – ignore incompleteness– Open world – acknowledge incompleteness

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

Contrasts with Large SpacesContrasts with Large SpacesContrasts with Large SpacesContrasts with Large Spaces

• In large space, only roads count and no driving happens anywhere else– Approximation, even for cars– Sometimes off-road, trails and paths considered

• In smaller spaces many surfaces support walking, cycling, climbing, boating, and other activities under different circumstances– Barriers and false affordances become important– Most features are areal not linear

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

Evolution from Large to SmallerEvolution from Large to SmallerEvolution from Large to SmallerEvolution from Large to Smaller

• Can we apply what we know about large spaces to smaller spaces?

• Should we give up hope for perfect knowledge?

• If so, the paradigm changes to what?

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

[Suggested] Principles[Suggested] Principles[Suggested] Principles[Suggested] Principles

• Pay attention to human cognition• Incorporate mobile device sensors• Offload “hard” conversion, mining, rendering,

image processing, line-of-sight remotely as SaaS• Agree to work with partial and contradictory

information from multiple sources• Build on a self-sustaining web of consumed and

created resources ($$$, content, apps, services)

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

PracticePracticePracticePractice

• What is an example of a commercially realizable navigation service for smaller spaces?

• Consider what happens now when a person visits a smaller space:– Physical site plans– Building directories

• Aim to deliver a complete area understanding of the space.

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

Site and Building DirectoriesSite and Building DirectoriesSite and Building DirectoriesSite and Building Directories

• Person finds directory for a smaller space at the beginning of a visit.

• Device holds a representation of a view that the human can remember from a single view.

• Owner of the space has a motivation to create of pay for creation of model.

• Publication mechanism required.• Tools for model creation required.

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

Montelibretti ExampleMontelibretti ExampleMontelibretti ExampleMontelibretti Example

• Fire training centre operated by Italian Interior Ministry at Montelibretti, north of Rome

• Visiting firemen come for training

• Need shared reference for training exercises

• CNVVF DirectoryCOM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

EcologyEcologyEcologyEcology

• Owner of space– Funds model creation– Receives security or advertising benefit

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

EcologyEcologyEcologyEcology

• App developer– Uses web services for mining, conversion,

rendering, path planning, image processing– Receives $$$ or glory

• End user– Uses app to gain knowledge of site– May pay for app– May pay for goods or services provided by site

owner

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

EcologyEcologyEcologyEcology

• Service provider– Does computationally hard things

• Mining models and CAD data for directories• Rendering• Image processing• Line-of-sight computations• Path computations

– Receives $$$ from owners and/or heavy commercial users on freemium model

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

EcologyEcologyEcologyEcology

• Tool provider– Enables model creation and maintenance– CAD and design applications– 3D modellers– Receives $$$ from (some) modellers

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

Role of StandardsRole of StandardsRole of StandardsRole of Standards

• Content– Syntax– Semantics

• Content indexing and publication• Modelling tools

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

RecapRecapRecapRecap

1. Personal Navigation1. Personal Navigation

2. Large Spaces 2. Large Spaces

3. Smaller Spaces3. Smaller Spaces

4. Evolution from Large to Smaller4. Evolution from Large to Smaller

5. Site and Building Directories5. Site and Building Directories

6. Role of Standards6. Role of Standards

COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces