nasa uli initiative
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NASA ULI INITIATIVEHybrid Electric Propulsion
Challenges and Opportunities
Dr. M. J. BenzakeinAeronautics and Space Engineering BoardSeptember 2019
NASA ULI PROGRAM:
Electric Propulsion: Challenges and Opportunities
Electric motor
Turbo-shaftand generator
One of the NASA strategic thrusts, as defined by NASA’s Aeronautics Implementation Plan, is the Transition to Low Carbon Propulsion
OSU NASA ULI PROGRAM plans to develop and demonstrate technologies for enabling hybrid turboelectric propulsion for commercial aircrafts.
Challenge 1 System IntegrationSuccess Criteria: Vehicle energy and CO2 >20% improvement over existing solutions
Challenge 2 Ultra-High Power Density Electric Machine and Power ElectronicsSuccess Criteria: Electric machines > 14 kW/kg, power electronics > 25 kW/kg, efficiency > 99%, bus voltage up to 2kV without partial discharge
Challenge 3 Energy StorageSuccess Criteria: Power density and reliability (desired 450 Wh/kg)
Challenge 4 Advanced Control of Onboard Electrical Power SystemsSuccess Criteria: System remains stable at 20% voltage sag and 200% step load change
Challenge 5 Research Infrastructure for More Electric AircraftsSuccess Criteria: Sub-system and component prototyping and testing at elevation – 2 kV, 1 MW, 20 kRPM drive tests
Research on thermal management system design is integrated in every aspectof the project.
OSU is leading a 5 year program of $10M
TEAM MEMBERS AND PROJECT ROLES
• The interactions and impact each system has on each other
• Total mass build up for each system and its effect on the aircraft
• Aircraft’s volume availability• Redundancy strategies for
each system architecture
System Integration
Based on regional jet (CRJ900)
Vehicle Arch.Oper. Environ.
Perf. Reqs.
Comp. Arch.Perf. Maps
Integration NeedsElectric Machine
Power Electronics
Thermal Management
Energy Storage
• Detailed design of integrated electric machine and power electronics package operating at 2 kV with power output of 1 MW
• Focus on mechanical stress, thermal management, and partial discharge
• Cell selection and pack architecture definition
• BMS and TMS design• Energy management,
reliability, cost studies
• Development of system-level thermal mgmt.. strategy – heat extraction from PT components and deposition in ram air
Pouch cells
170-260 Wh/kg
Cylindrical cells
240-270 Wh/kg
Pouch cells
300-400 Wh/kg
•Kokam (Lithium-polymer, 130 -265Wh/kg up to 50C, automotive / industrial application)
•Eagle Picher/Yardney (NMC, 125 –135Wh/kg, aerospace application)
•XALT Energy (NMC, 220Wh/kg)
•Panasonic/Sanyo/Samsung (NCR, 260Wh/kg, automotive application)
•LG (IMR, 240-260 Wh/kg, automotive application)
•Efest (IMR, 270Wh/kg)
Identify and Qualify Commercially
Available Batteries
CWRU and OSU are investigating the availability of High Energy Density Lithium ion
Cells, to understand their attributes in terms of flexibility (and shape conformability),
safety, reliability, energy density, life and thermal requirements.
Current available cells have a specific energy density ≈ 250Wh/kg at 2C with an annual
improvement of ≈8%.
Delivered and under testing
Procurement process
Objectives:
• Develop MW motor drives working with 2000 dc voltage in
low pressure and high temperature environment while
achieving a power density > 25 kW/kg
• Develop a system level control strategy for aircraft on
board power system to improve system stability.
Objectives:
Develop MW motor drives working with 2000 dc voltage in
low pressure and high temperature environment while
achieving a power density > 25 kW/kg
Develop a system level control strategy for aircraft on
board power system to improve system stability.
Power Electronics
Develop, build and test MW motors with
a specific power density > 14 kW/kg.
Electric Motors
Thermal ManagementThermal Management
Ground Demonstrator
Terrific Facility
On line since summer 2016
Incorporates altitude chamber
Ohio State faculty and students closely connected to
NASA on planning and operation
NEAT – NASA ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT
TEST BED
Distributed Hybrid Turbo Electric Architecture
Fans
Motors with integrated
Power electronics
PGDS Cables
ULI Energy and Propulsion Configuration
Gas Turbine Generator
(turboshaft)
Gas Turbine Generator (x2) – generates electrical energy via the burning of fuelBattery Pack (xN) – storage of energy provided by grid charging, during time between flightsPower Electronics (x8) – distribute power to motors from battery and generator, based on power splitMotor (x8) – directly coupled to fan blades to convert electrical energy into propulsive force
PGDS: Power Generation and Distribution System
Benefits of Future Technology
Baseline Aircraft(CRJ 900)
Next Generation Aircraft
Distributed Hybrid Turbo Electric
Fuel Burn
Reduct
ion a
t 600 n
mi
and t
ypic
al paylo
ad
8%
9%
6%*
Distributed Propulsion
Use of Hybrid Propulsion
BLI = Boundary Layers IngestionBR = Power split between Batteries and Turboshaft *Assumes 200 Wh/kg batteries used at rate of 30% of overall propulsive power during climb and 20% during cruise @ 600 nmi.
15% improvement to Next Gen (A220)
~5%
BLI / Optimized Power management
Climb Cruise LandingBR=30% BR=20% BR=0%
Going Forward
• Further optimization of aircraft energy management system
will minimize
Fuel consumption
Vehicle weight
Total capital cost
• Continued focus on power electronics, energy storage,
electric motors and thermal management need to continue
Hybrid Electric Aircraft Propulsion is becoming a reality
• Terrific program
• New technologies being developed that’s at the forefront of industry
• Gave us additional opportunities to lead a multitude of collaborative programs with industry and government
• Gave us recognition by Boeing, Airbus and propulsion companies (GE Aviation, Rolls-Royce, United Technologies Corporation), new cooperative programs.
ULI Initiative – Results and Reflections
• Great experience for faculty from different institutions to work together –impressive cooperation in using multiple resources to solve a problem. Positive work environment.
• Excellent exposure for students for multiple universities to work together as a team.
• Review process can be improved. We have eliminated long reviews with power points and made them more effective.
• More emphasis to address the outcome of this research working with industry. We are doing this.
Results and Reflections…cont.
Terrific initiative!! Should serve as a model for
future University-Government cooperation.
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