nano watt fueling from microbial fuel cell using black tea waste

Let there be light of knowledge!!

“NANO-WATT FUELING FROM A

MICRO-SCALE MICROBIAL FUEL

CELL USING BLACK TEA WASTE”

By Aman AnandElectrical & Electronics Engineering, DSCE

8thsem

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1) Perquisitesa) Electrochemical cellb) Fuel cells

2) Microbial Fuel cell (MFC)a) Definition, meaning & Principleb) Basic Designc) Components & Working

3) Types of MFC4) Applications of MFC5) Advantages & limitations6) Future & facts

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Outline

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Perquisites

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Electrochemical cell

A simple voltaic cell

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“ A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent ”

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What are fuel cells ?

Fuel

Fuel cell

Energy

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Hydrogen fuel cell - Famous

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Applications of Hydrogen fuel cell

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Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)

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MFCs are still taking baby steps.

If Fuel cells are new technology for us then MFCs are newest.

A very few people are working on it.

Knowledge of Microbiology, Electricity, Biochemistry, Material science, Environmental Engineering, etc. required to understand & improve this technology.

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Facts

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“ A microbial fuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy by the catalytic reaction of microorganisms. ”

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Definition

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“ A microbial fuel cell (MFC) or biological fuel cell is a bio-electrochemical system that drives a current by mimicking bacterial interactions found in nature. ”

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Meaning

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“ MFCs are bioelectrical devices that harness the natural metabolisms of microbes to produce electrical power directly from organic material. ”

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Principle

Why we eat food ? To produce energy , gain

vitamin , protein etc. This is our metabolism

Microbes exactly do the same, they eat organic material then produce energy for themselves.

This is the metabolism of microbe.

But some of microbes (bacteria) liberate electrons during their metabolic activity.

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Primary Flow diagram

FuelMicrobial Fuel Cell

Energy

Glucose(Organic material)

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Basic Design

Oxygen Poor

Oxygen Rich

3 main components

Uses bioelectrochemically active bacteria to transfer electrons to electrode.

They have electrochemically active redox enzymes like cytochromes on outer membrane that helps in electron transfer.

Form a biofilm on the anode surface & transfer electrons directly by conductance to anode.

Shewanella Putrefaciens & Aeromonas Hydrophila are some examples of bioelectrochemically active bacteria used.

Performance Enhancement of MFC

MEDIATOR LESS MFC

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BACTERIA FOUND IN BLACK TEA

Bacillus Megaterium

Geobacteraceae Desulfuromonas Alcaligenes faecalis Enterococcus faeciumPseudomonas aeruginosaBacteroides and Aeromonas species were detected in the before-mentioned studies

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ISSUE:WHICH MICROORGANISM TO BE USED?

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GRAPH:

Bacteria form a community on anode called BIOFILM. Biofilm produce a matrix that stick to the anode. Sticky matrix consists of extracellular proteins, sugars, and bacterial cells, tiny conductive nanowires that may help facilitate electron conduction.

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ISSUE:HOW TO STICK BACTERIA TO ANODE?

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Anodic Reaction (Oxidation)◦ EX-1 : CH3COO - + 2H2O 2CO2 + 7H+ + 8e-

(Acetic acid ion)

◦ EX-2 : C6H12O6 + 6H2O 6CO2 + 24H+ + 24e-

(glucose)

Cathodic Reaction (Reduction)◦ EX-1 : O2 + 4H+ + 4e- 2H2O

◦ EX-2 : 6O2 + 24H+ + 24e- 12H2O

Tea structure

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Redox Reactions invovled

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Various things like glucose, acetate etc.

Can be Obtained from Wastewater & solid waste especially domestic like tea, food particles and other wastes .

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Organic material as fuel

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Various Microbes used in MFCs

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Other types based on Constructional features

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Continuous MFCs

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Some Application Based on MFC

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Treatment of Wastewater & solid wastes

◦ BOD removal

Electrical Power Generation

Bio-hydrogen

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Applications

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Wider variety of applications over conventional fuel cells.

Can be used to solve Environmental Problems Wastewater treatment & power generation at a same

time. Good alternative to Conventional Power Generation

Systems.

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Advantages

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Limit on surface area of anode as bacteria can clog small pores and hence limit on current.

Still not economically competitive.

Power produced way below when compared with conventional cells.

Very slow performance in wastewater treatment.

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Limitations

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Future

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We have presented a very simple miniature air-cathode MFC design that we have used to evaluate the use of tea as alternative fuel for MFCs.

Nevertheless this simple curiosity driven experiment gave us the preliminary results to assertively say that energy could be efficiently extracted from the reuse of waste resources such the collection of our afternoon-tea’s leftovers.

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CONCLUSION:

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IEEE Paper-IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology July 27-30, 2015, Rome, Italy

B. E. Logan, B. Hamelers, R. Rozendal, U. Schroder, J. Keller, S.Freguia, et al., "Microbial fuel cells: methodology and technology,"Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 40, pp. 5181-5192, 2006.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_fuel_cell

http://www.altenergy.org/renewables/what-are-microbial-fuel-cells.html

http://www.research.psu.edu/capabilities/documents/MFC_QandA.pdf

http://www.altenergy.org/renewables/what-are-microbial-fuel-cells.html

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REFERENCES:

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“Love your Environment”, only way to save it

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Thank you…

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ANY Queries ??

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