mps 7: creativity donald r. woods chemical engineering department mcmaster university hamilton,...

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity

Donald R. WoodsChemical Engineering Department

McMaster UniversityHamilton, Ontario

Canada

Def: ability to think up ideas.

Why important?1. Needed often. 2. Needed when options are needed. 3. Needed when we want to see new perspective 4. Needed when stuck 5. Skill that many have been introduced to

through “brainstorming” yet that few really possess personally.

6. Skill & confidence can be improved.

Where I’m coming from- Presented this workshop over 100 times in different

cultures & countries; high school, community, industry, university

Pretest: Use an “x” to rate yourAwareness & Skill

Time 10 s Finish by _________

Objectives... Read over...

Time _____ Finish by _________

Pretest: Use an “x” to rate yourAwareness & Skill

Time 10 s Finish by _________

Objectives... Read over...

Time _____ Finish by _________

Activity:As individual write out an interesting problem

you would like to solve.. Get great ideas for

TIME ____________

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativityThe BIG 4 rules for BS: DJ-AIG; BS-BOO

1. DJ Defer judgement. No criticism. 2. AIG ALL ideas good. Risking is OK. No foolish ideas

here; all ideas have potential!

3. BS Be succinct! Goal: 50 ideas in 5 minutes. Not “Let me tell you how my idea works”

4. BOO! Build On Others ideas. Piggy back on previous ideas. Not “But that’s there already!”

Mechanics:•Record everyone’s ideas so that all ideas are

acknowledged; No ideas are lost. AIG and to overcome the shortcomings of STM

•Display ideas (via transparency) so that BOO•Use transparency; so that its easy to make

copies for everyone; someone doesn’t have to make sense out of a big chart.

Example BSProblem: Company was trying to find an alternative way

of cutting canvass bags and pouring peanuts into conveyor.

Example BSProblem: Company was trying to find an alternative way

of cutting canvass bags and pouring peanuts into conveyor.

“Judo, judo with knives on feet, hire kids to lick candy bags, dissolve the bags, rats to eat the bags, roast away the bags, mechanical cutter blade...”

• 7 ideas

“Lets see, have mechanical arms come & pick up the bag; then have rotating blades zap around and fly into the bag, the beans fly out and are caught in a fish net that is carried....”

• 1 idea

Demo session: leaderUses of ________________________

TIME 5 min

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativityYou try groups of 6 Start with OBJECTS : Easiest and we need this later for

triggersActivity: Brainstorm uses of pen Group size 6 Facilitator ____________TIME 5 min

Then, complete feedback formReport total number and “most interesting”

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativityFeedbackTotal number most interesting idea

Trigger: an event (comment, idea) that allows us to overcome a mental block and to start the flow of ideas again. A trigger is usually a word that overcomes:

.fixation

.negative feelings (I can’t think of more)

.silences

For groups, triggers can come from others.For individuals, must come from within.

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativityTriggers: used when the number of ideas drops

MPS 7: Creativity

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativityExample use Triggers for Red brick Trigger: chemical whole +Silica... make red windows; make abrasive Chemical whole -It’s not Carbon... can’t breath it; can’t breath (what situations

do I know where can’t breath? In a room no oxygen, use brick to break window; can’t breath as a diver under water, use bricks as ballast for diver. Can’t eat it; but maybe something else can? Grind it up, mix with peanut butter and use it as poison for rats

Chemical parts + Silica = Si + Oxygen. Use as source to react with oxygen

Puzzle: Which letter to the right of the vertical line is uniquely different from the one on the left.

H | a Ť B w X C o q ů

To solve this puzzle, you brainstorm the characteristics of each letter and cross compare.

Activity: as group of 6 brainstorm characteristics of the letter B Facilitator: Surname second

TIME 5 min Draw line across thenwith same facilitator...Use triggersTIME 5 min

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativityFeedback form Report Number of ideas & “Most interesting”Reflect:Summary:No. of ideas most interesting

Why DJ works

Activity: group of 6 BS Cards Facilitator is surname third TIME 5 min and .. Use triggers

Feedback formReport: total number

“Most interesting”Reflections: 2 min

Research: Silences & Negative Feelings Silence: 5 s with no ideas These are expected. Action:“Let’s reread the goal.” “Let’s try Trigger........”

Negative feelings: “I can’t think of anything else.” “This is stupid.” “BS is BS.” “I’m finished.”This occurs, Action:“Let’s reread the goal.”“I want to & I can!”“Let’s try Trigger..........” Trigger “Craziest” idea

MPS 7: CreativitySituations Case 1: Lost my calculator; need it to solve a problem in next 5 minutes

Case 2: Important meeting with that I must attend at 7 pm. I had previously promised that we would have dinner together at 6:30 at a “Giselle’s Inn. It is now 6:14 pm and he/she has already left to meet me in the restaurant.

Case 3: You are at a party and an obnoxious twirp is hitting on you.

Case 4: I’m going for an important meeting and I can’t remember the name of the company Vice President who is going to be there. It’s 15 minutes before the meeting.

MPS 7: Creativity

Activity: as group of 6 Facilitator is Surname 4th consider Case ____ TIME 5 minThen draw line across; use Trigger “craziest”TIME 1 min___________________Feedback formReport Total number & “Interesting idea”

MPS 7: Creativity

No of ideas most interesting

MPS 7: Creativity

Research:During the last minutes of BS 80% of the ideas

are “junk”; 15% are “interesting” and 5% are “terrific”

It’s worth being crazy and having fun to find the gold.

We also can use the “junk” as a trigger to provide a “stepping stone” to give us gold.

MPS 7: CreativityStepping stone: using an idea asa stepping stone

MPS 7: Creativity

Some Triggers10. Craziest11. Checklist12. “What if?” in the extremes; remove constraints13. Boundary-constraint exploration: focus on

the constraints14. Nature analogy: How nature does it15. Functional analogy: something else do the

same function

MPS 7: Creativity

#12. What if? Identify stated & unstated assumptions & criteria. Eliminate.

#13. Boundary. Explore impact of criteria

MPS 7: Creativity#11: Checklist Eberle’s SCAMPER

SubstituteCombineAdaptModify, magnify, minifyPut to other use or use;

consider the PartsEliminateReverse, rearrange,

Shores’s CREATIVITY

CombineReverseEnlarge, magnifyAdaptTinier, minifyInstead of, substituteViewpoint, change in other

ways, rearrangeIn other waysTo other usesYes!

MPS 7: Creativity

Pull vacuum in deodorizer, open valve and powder should flow quickly into the deodorizer. None flows!

MPS 7: Creativity

Situations _______________Activity: For Trouble shooting case Group of 6 with facilitator Surname fifthlist 50 possible causes.Use any triggers you want.TIME 5 min

MPS 7: Creativity

Draw line across: Trigger #11: Checklist TIME 3 min

line across: Trigger #12: What if? Constraint __________ TIME 3 min

Line across: Trigger #13: Boundary explore ____________ TIME 3 min

MPS 7: Creativity

Complete Feedback form. Then:Total each set of ideas: and in each set identify

2 technically interesting & feasible ideas. Report number in each session and total; and

report on one “feasible” idea from each of last three.

TIME 3 min

MPS 7: CreativityResearch: why triggers

workBrain lays down d-line patterns in

LTM that fade if the experience is not repeated and that become dominant if it is.

When we think of a typical problem, we enter the familiar d-lines close to that problem.

Triggers introduce us to LTM at strange, locations that are dominant for the trigger. Our task is to move along connecting d-lines or jump to other d-lines to connect up with our problem.

MPS 7: CreativityExamplePatient Jane complains of

neck ache. MD does all traditional checks, tests. No idea. Notices a wart on big toe, removes it for cosmetic reasons. Pain disappears.

MPS 7: Creativity

ExamplePatient Joe. Complains

neck ache. MD does all usual tests. No idea. Notices wart on big toe. Asks if can remove it. Pain goes away

Now sees 2 similar cases, adds new connecting d-line

MPS 7: Creativity

Triggers #14 – 16 AnalogiesTrigger #14 Nature does it• define Goal• How does Nature achieve this goal? Make idea similar?Trigger #15 Function• define Function• How else might get function? What other thing achieves this function?Trigger #16 Appearance• what looks like this situation/object• How else get this appearance?• What others have same appearance but different function?

MPS 7: CreativityActivity: For case Gift executive coffee cup Cost about 10 X usual cup Group of 6 with facilitator Surname lastlist 50 possible options.Use any triggers you want.____________________________________• Draw line across: Trigger #14: Nature analogy • TIME 3 min

• line across: Trigger #15: Function analogy • TIME 3 min • Line across: Trigger #16: Appearance analogy • TIME 3 min

MPS 7: CreativityActivity: continuing the trouble shooting case

________ Group of 6 with facilitator surname last Use triggers ________________________________________

and any other triggers you wish.50 more causes.TIME _________

MPS 7: CreativityComplete Feedback form. Then:Total each set of ideas: and in each set identify 2 technically interesting &

feasible ideas. Your choice = _________________________Triggers _______ = _______________________Trigger _____________ = __________________________Trigger __________ = ______________________Report number in each session and total; and report on one “feasible” idea

from each of last three.TIME ________

MPS 7: Creativity

SummaryTotals Interesting-feasible

MPS 7: CreativityWrite reflections TIME _________Discuss with neighbour 90 sec.

MPS 7: Creativity

Trigger #19 Book Title Capture the essence of the goal in the title of a best selling book.

Coffee Cup “Who drank out of my cup?”“Too hot to handle!”“Sex & a cup of coffee”“Roll up the rim”“Sugar, cream, stir?”“It’s much too cool for me!”“A dash of cognac with your coffee?”

MPS 7: Creativity16. Appearance analogy: something else that looks same but

functions differently17.Symbolic replacement: replace original goal with an idea generated so

far.18.Morphology19.Book title20.Juxtaposition21.Personal analogy22.Reversal23.Particle, wave, field24.Fishbone25.Senses

MPS 7: Creativity

Activity: For Trouble shooting new case ; Group of 3 with facilitator Surname lastlist 50 possible causes. Use any triggers you want.TIME 5 min Draw line across: Trigger #17: Symbolic replacement TIME 3 min line across: Trigger #18: Morphology TIME 3 min Line across: Trigger #19: Book title TIME 3 min

MPS 7: CreativityComplete Feedback form. Then: Total each set of ideas:

and in each set identify 2 technically interesting & feasible ideas.

Original BS 5 min_____________Trigger 3 min_____________Trigger 3 min________________________

Trigger 3 min_____________Report number in each

session and total; and report on one “feasible” idea from each of last three.

TIME 3 min Write reflections

MPS 7: CreativitySummaryTotals Interesting-feasible

MPS 7: Creativity

Reflections: TIME 2 min

Discuss with neighbour 90 s

MPS 7: Creativity• Triggers #20 Juxtaposition:• take three random words:

brainstorm properties of these and link them to the case problem.

• Example, take the word “clock”

• BS characteristics and try to relate to problem situation:

makes noiseruns downbatteryhave to windhas a facehandsnumbersRoman numeralsdigitalmeasures somethingtell personality: round vs square

watchesin many roomsstandards on radio

MPS 7: Creativity

#3 Kirton/RiskActivity :• as an individual complete and score Kirton or

Risk inventory.

• TIME 5 min

• Share information: complete• summary • Robust: your style does not change over the years.

#3 Kirton inventory #3 Risk inventory

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity#3 Kirton/Risk So What? There is no best way; score robust; unchanging over years.32 – 86 Adaptive. Problems seen as defined & focus on doing things

better. New data into existing structures. Prefer structured environment; change causes greater stress.

86-110 work either as Adaptive or Innovative. Good as intrapreneurs.110-135 Innovative. Problems: focus on doing things differently,

minimize/forget the constraints. New data give new structures. Prefer unstructure. Enjoy change; sometimes difficult adjusting to ongoing organizational demands

>135 Have difficulty working for organizations. Prefer to be a consultant and being own boss.

All are valued and needed.

#4 LASQActivity 3:• as an individual complete and score LASQ.

• TIME 5 min

• Share information: complete• summary • your style changes over the years. Part depends on

teacher72

Strategic:see qualifications as main reason for learning

find out details of assessment & try to impress teachers

competitive. Self confident & driven by hope for success

Surface/ Memorize: rely on rote learningfocus on what is defined in the calendar & just

what teacher expectsmay lack self-confidence & have test anxietynot willing to seek relationships between ideas;

focus on facts

Deep/Meaning:actively seek to link what they study to real lifeexamine evidence critically & use it cautiouslyactively relate new knowledge to previouswant to learn for its own sake

Effective = Strategic + Meaning - Memorize

#4 LASQ, So what?Values change.Learn solely from lectures, then gradually shift

to surface learn.Learn via cooperative learning, PBL, values shift

to deep learning.

Prefer deep and/or strategic learn.

#5 Perry, 2 to 5 Your attitude about your role in learning

#5 Perry: data for university students

#5 Perry, So what?Values can change;Want 4 to 5 when participate in PBL or for

lifelong learning

#6 SDLRS gives feedback about your confidence in working as a self-directed learner.

Activity: complete and score the SDLRS inventory

This is a snapshot image of where you are now. Your numbers will increase; you will delight in seeing progress.

#6 SDLRS, Total Self Management

#6 SDLRS, So what?Values can be increased;Want to shift to high values on all scales.

Related to development of learning skillsMPS 12, 36

#7 Alpert-Haber exam anxiety scale AATActivity: As individual complete the Alpert-

Haber inventory. Score TIME 10 min

#7 AAT Debilitating & Facilitating performance on exams.

Want low on Debil; high on Facil

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity#7 AAT. It’s frustrating when your marks on a

test or exam are 5 to 30 marks lower than you know you know

Exam anxiety: related to study skills? NORelate to stress? YESSo what? If number > 60, visit MPS 5 and

implement stress management activities that work for you. I want to and I can!

Debilitation values can be decreased.86

#7, Exam anxiety, what to do about it: use inventories to identify what might be cause of high

exam anxiety#10, Kellner-SheffieldK-S short term >18K-S long term > 14K-S self image > 15#12, Heppner avoidance of difficult problems > 55

Self awareness Stress Tests#9, Annual change:

Holmes Rahe or Holmes Gmelch#10, Kellner-Sheffield

Daily stress: Shealy #13, Billings-Moos: how you handled stress#7, Exam anxiety

#9 Activity: As individual complete #9, Holmes- Rahe; or Holmes-Gmelch index:Multiply each individual stress load by the

number of times that event happened this past Year ______ to ________

You want the total number. 0 to 1000

#9 Holmes Rahe: Example data of annual stress experienced by students

#9, Example data of annual stress experienced by engineers

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity #9, Holmes-Rahe Holmes-Gmelch , So what?

Feedback: Guidelines only. Don’t read too much into them

Depends on what you have experienced this past year. High values:

- be patient with yourself. You’ve been through a lot. The simple things aren’t easy to do.

- Be tolerant with self. Try some coping techniques

Low values:– others have been through a lot, be patient with them.. Could happen to you. – Try coping techniques in preparation.

Revisit MPS 5 Stress Management and MPS 17 Time management

#10 Kellner Sheffield want low values

#10, Kellner Sheffield inventoryResults: Want low numbers

Range Typical This yearShort term stress: 8 -32 13.5

Long term stress: 8 – 32 12.3

Self image: 7 – 28 12.1

#10 Kellner Sheffield, So what?All values can be decreased.Revisit MPS 5 Stress Management and MPS 17

Time Management

#11 Beck HappinessFeedback about attitude about lifeSo what?Values change, want values < 20Total score of • 21 - 25 minimal depression• 26-32 mild depression• 33- 35 moderate depression• 36-42 severe depression

Problem Solving#12. Heppner: PSI confidence

Heppner, Problem Solving confidenceadults, college students, n = 148 Effectiveness of training

#11 Heppner, So what?Confidence in your ability to solve problems.Values change to lower values via workshops.Avoidance: focus on positively working on

difficult problemsConfidence in PS skill; check the list of target

behaviours from MPS 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9

#13. Billings-Moos: Problem solving skill problem

avoidance

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity#13 Billings Moos, skill, So what?Want high values for problem solvingWant low values for problem avoidanceValues change with training, MPS program

#13 Billings MoosProblem Avoidance is an element of both

Heppner and Billings Moos. Are they measuring the same thing?No, they do not correlate.Heppner is about attitude and confidence.Billings Moos is about performance & actual skill

#13 Billings Moos, So what? Moos is about skill; Heppner is about attitude

#15. Basadur, enjoys ideation, want high values Before & after 8 h training, N = 32, 28, 196

#15 Basadur, prefer to judge, want low values,

Before & after 8 hour workshop

Team work#16. Shutz’s FIRO-B, Form, storm, norm,

performThis inventory gives feedback about your

attitudes related to the Form, Storm and Perform stages of group/team work

#16 FIRO-B

#16, FIRO B high numbers show preference; norms given

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity#16, FIRO B, So what?Values range from 0 to 9 in each; 4-5 handle either; 6-7

or 2-3 = noticeable ; 8-9 or 0-1 suggests very strong tendency.

Affection tendency is more important than control &, in turn, is more important than inclusion.

Social Interaction index =Total is from 0 – 54; higher values suggest more likely to be outgoing, friendly and gregarious; low suggests reserved and shy.

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity#16, FIRO-B, So what?Ratio of expressed/ wanted should = 1If ratio is very high or very low, suggests

frustration and conflict. Example, control = 0/9 suggests want to be

involved socially but unskilled & uncomfortable expressing this. May be very sensitive to being left out.

#17 Johnson, preferred approach in dealing with conflict. Higher numbers show preference and ease

Nurses N = 88 Engineers, managers N = 43

#17 Johnson conflict. So what?All 5 approaches are needed: example

Accosted by a drunk… withdrawHouse on fire… force kids out of house.

Ease with which you can use the approach is suggested by ratings.

Use MPS 45 to train when to use each style.

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity#17. Johnson’s conflict extend to difficult

behaviours

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativitySo what?For problem solving:Heppner PS for confidence; Moos PS, for skillWork tough problems: Heppner Avoid for confidence; Moos, for skillBreadth of issues in defining problems: TF & SNMaking decisions & trouble shooting: PJGroup problem solving: FIRO-B and IE ; KAI, conflict Manage emotions: FIRO-B, KS, Beck, Holmes Rahe, Rotter &

Heppner control

MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativitySo what?For learning: SN & TF, Perry, LASQ, AAT, SDLRSFor creativity: skill, Basadur; how apply, KAIFor conflict: Johnson, SN, TF

SummaryReturn to pretest: Use a circle to summarize your

rating of yourAwarenessSkillTime 10 s _________________________________________The Objectives are:...

SummaryReturn to pretest: Use a circle to summarize your

rating of yourAwarenessSkillTime 10 s _________________________________________The Objectives are:...

DISCOVERY

mps 7: creativity donald r. woods chemical engineering department mcmaster university hamilton,...

number of ideas

flow of ideas

foolish ideas

previous ideas

ideas good

record everyones ideas

great ideas fortime

interesting idea

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