mpi internal seminar 26.05.2010

A general introduction to the EU-project 'HYPOX' and some results obtained during leg 15-1 of RV 'Maria S. Merian‘

F. Janssen1, J. Fischer1, M. Holtappels1, A. Lichtschlag1, F. Wenzhoefer1,2, J.-F. Rolin3, S. Le Reste3, A. Boetius1,2

1Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology2Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research3Ifremer, France

....MPI internal seminar 26.05.2010

introduction to the EU-project HYPOX»In situ monitoring of oxygen depletion in hypoxic ecosystems of coastal and open seas, and land-locked water bodies«

.........

HYPOX - some facts 16 partners from 11 nations 3 years duration (2 years left) budget / EU contribution:

4.7 / 3.5 million Euro coordination:

A. Boetius, F. Janssen (MPI/AWI) & C. Waldmann (Marum)

....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net

motivation: why study hypoxia?

Photograph by Zhou Chao/EPA

fish mass mortality in eutrophied waters of Lake Guanqiao, China

....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net

motivation: why study hypoxia?

Photograph by Zhou Chao/EPA

fish mass mortality in eutrophied waters of Lake Guanqiao, China

The Epoch Times, Jul 12, 2007The Epoch Times, Jul 12, 2007““On July 11, On July 11, pollutionpollution and extreme and extreme hot weatherhot weather caused the sudden death of over 100,000 caused the sudden death of over 100,000 kilograms of fish in Guanqiao Lake…”kilograms of fish in Guanqiao Lake…”

....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net

why study hypoxia: a more global view

Diaz & Rosenberg, Science 321 (2008)

....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net

why study hypoxia: a more global view

Diaz & Rosenberg, Science 321 (2008)

....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net

hypoxia, eutrophicationeutrophication & global global warmingwarminghigh nutrient supplyincreased primary production and organic matterexporthigh remineralizationrates and O2 demand anaerobic processes and release of greenhouse gaseswarmingnutrient releasefrom anoxic sediments

warming of surface waters

reduced O2 solubility and supply to deep waters

enhanced stratification and reduced vertical

mixingincreased metabolic

rates and O2 demand

changes in wind fields and wind-

driven mixing

....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net

....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net

O2

general approach:monitoring – field campaigns - modeling

observatory sites: open and coastal seas & land-locked water bodies

....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net

observatory sites: open and coastal seas....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net

observatory sites: land-locked water bodies

....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net

RV Maria S. Merian, Leg 15-1:scientific aims, methods applied, and first results

.........

Cruise track (7.4.-8.5.2010)(Cyprus – Heraklion…)…Istanbul – Eregli – Sevastopol - Istanbul

.... introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1

ParticipantsMPI (habitat/MPG-HGF, Nutrient, Microsensor)MARUM, IBSS (UA), ITU (TR), INGV (IT), Eawag (CH), Ifremer (FR), IFM-GEOMAR

.... introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1

overall scientific aimresponse of Black Sea ecosystems to oxygen availability: biogeochemistry, microbial processes, microbial and metazoan communities, geochemistry

.... introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1

working areas of cruise leg MSM15-1Bosporus outlet & Crimean Shelf

.... introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1

working area: Bosporus outlet.... introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1

working area: Bosporus outlet.... introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1

Bosporus outlet: scientific focus water column biogeochemistry at the

oxic / anoxic transition & the effect of the intrusion of oxygenated Mediterranean waters

indications of present and past oxygen and redox conditions in the sedimentary record and in faunal assemblages

.... introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1

Bosporus outlet water column:methods applied

CTDCTD

free-falling free-falling pump CTDpump CTD

phot

os: Z

eyne

p Er

dem

....introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1

Gravity corerGravity corer MultipleMultipleCorerCorer ph

otos

: Zey

nep

Erde

m a

nd F

elix

Jans

sen

BoxBoxCorerCorer

Bosporus outlet sediments:methods applied

....introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1

working area Crimean Shelf

originallyoriginallyplanned areaplanned area

substitute area substitute area after original after original area was area was blocked by blocked by military exercisemilitary exercise

....introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1

Crimean Shelf bathymetry....introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1

Crimean Shelf bathymetry....introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1

Crimean shelf: scientific focustaking the Crimean Shelf as a natural laboratory to investigate ecosystem response to hypoxia

.......

scientific focus site characterization: monitoring of oxygen

gradients and dynamics (MPI, INGV, MARUM) ecosystem response to changing oxygen

concentrations: biogeochemistry & microbial processes (MPI)

hypoxia-driven shifts in microbial & faunal communities and biodiversity (IBSS, MPI)

depth / oxygen limit for the distribution of meiofauna organisms (IBSS)

.......

site characterization:monitoring of oxygen gradients and dynamics

........

exploratory dives with »JAGO«....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics

phot

o: D

. Don

is

....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics

exploratory dives with »JAGO«

CTD casts: O2-distribution snapshots....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics

....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics

CTD casts: O2-distribution snapshots

moorings: oxygen time series....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics

current meterwith O2 sensor

CTDs

anchor weight

buoyancy

....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics

example time series (135m)

current velocity and direction....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics

Multi Fiber Optode (»MuFO«):oxygen gradient dynamics

....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics

phot

os: D

. Don

is

Multi Fiber Optode (»MuFO«)oxygen gradient dynamics (150m)

....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics

J. Fi

sche

r, un

publ

ished

dat

a

site characteristics:no stable cross shelf oxygen gradient but highly dynamic distributionfollow up questions:how active is the benthic community in making use of the oxygen while it is available?is the benthic oxygen consumption significantly influencing bottom water O2?

....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics

BBL profiler: role of benthic boundary layer for oxygen transport to the sediment

....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity

sensor-equipped slide: O2-sensors (optodes) CTD ADV Microsensors watersampling portse.g. nutrients,methane, N2/Arg

Photograph: M. Holtappels

BBL profiler: role of benthic boundary layer for oxygen transport to the sediment

M. Holtappels, unpublished data

135 m water depth,hypoxic conditions

....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity

micro-micro-profilerprofiler

phot

os: R

. Nor

th, K

. Hiss

man

n, M

. Bus

ack

....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity

microsensor and chamber measurements: sediment oxygen distribution and uptakebenthicbenthic

chamberchamber

microsensor and chamber measurements: platforms used

....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity

benthic benthic crawler crawler »»MOVEMOVE««

moored moored frameframe

phot

os: D

. Don

is, K

. Hiss

man

n

microsensor profile examples (100m)....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity

A. Lichtschlag + F. Wenzhöfer, unpublished data

microsensor profile examples (100m)....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity

A. Lichtschlag + F. Wenzhöfer, unpublished data

diffusive O2 uptake rate~ 6.1 ±4.1 mmole m-2 d-1

chamber incubation example (100m)....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity

total O2 uptake rate~ 6.6 mmole m-2 d-1

A. Lichtschlag + F. Wenzhöfer, unpublished data

oxygen consumption characteristics:low benthic activityfollow up question:lack of organic matter or lack of benthic communities to use it?

....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity

abundant fluffy organic matter rich layers

....why is there low benthic activity?

phot

os: R

. Stie

ns

spots of organic matter accumulation....why is there low benthic activity?

phot

os: J

. Sch

auer

, D. D

onis

hypothesis:oscillating oxygen concentrations and temporary hypoxia / anoxia prevents theestablishment of an active benthic communityfollow up question:to which extent is that true for the metazoan fauna? which abundances / biomasses / diversities are found and is that related to oxygen avalability?

....why is there low benthic activity?

cooperation with Ukrainian Scientistsduring leg MSM15-1IBSS-Scientists joining:

phot

os: F

. Jan

ssen

, K. H

issm

ann

Prof. Prof. N. SergeevaN. Sergeeva

Dr. M. GulinDr. M. Gulin

Dr. S. Dr. S. MazlumyanMazlumyan

....metazoan community response to oxygen

summary pronounced oxygen dynamics:

hypoxia at the crimean shelf is transient with unspecific location

benthic community rather inactive –effect of recurrent hypoxia / anoxia?

longer time series needed to fully understand effective location of oxic / hypoxic / anoxic zones

........

methodological outlook:monitoring with »floating observatories«

........

phot

o: M

. Bus

ack

floating observatories: first data.....outlook

floating observatories: drift.....outlook

J.-F.

Rol

in &

S. L

e Re

ste,

unp

ublis

hed

data

acknowledgements European Commission

(FP7 grant 226216 »HYPOX«) German Research Foundation (DFG) Max Planck Society Microsensor group TAs

........