mosquito presentation, md abdul alim, chittagong veterinary and animal sciences university,...

Diptera

Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapha

Ceratopognidae(Midges) Simulidae

(Black fly)Psychodidae

(Sand fly)Culicidae

(Mosquitoes)

Muscidea(House & Stable fly)

Calliphoridae(Blow fly)

Hippoboscidae(Forest fly &

keds)

Oestridae(bot fly)

Tabanidae(Horse fly)

Classification of Diptera

Order

Sub-Order

Family

Arthopoda

InsectaClass

Phylum

Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa

Size

Antenna

Mouth part&

Maxillary Palps

Piercing-sucking Mouthparts Slashing-sponging Mouthparts Sponging Mouthparts

Plumose

Pilose

Stylet typeArista Type

Differences among the sub-orders

Palp

Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa

Wing(Cross Vein)

Sand fly

Black fly

Mosquitos

Tabanus Musca domestica

Stomoxys calcitrans

Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa

Larval Head

Pupa

Obtectate Usually Obtectate Coarctate

Larva of Musca domestica

Pupa Musca domestica

Larva of Tabnus

Pupa of Tabnus

Example??

Culicidae(Mosquitoes)

The most veterinary important –

Anopheles spp (Anopheles vagus, An. Aconitus, Anopheles annularis)

Culex spp (Culex pipiens)

Aedes spp (Aedes aegypti, Ae. Albopictus)

Anopheles

Culex

Aedes

Anatomy of MosquitosMorphology

Scales= leaf like, fringed cvo/AvPjv

(Wegede shaped)

Empodium, pad like structure

Pulvilli

Claw

Johnston’s organ=Mechanoreceptors (at 1st two segments of antennae)

Leg of a Mosquito

Antenna of a Mosquito

Antenna can detect host odoor

Mouthpart of Mosquito FEEDING MECHANISM OF NEMATOCERA (MOSQUITOES)

Lingua (between labella)

Fascicle/StyletLabrumMaxilla (Paired, serrated tip)Hypopharynx (carry salivary duct)Mandible (Paired, pointed tip)

Mouthparts of Mosquito

Culex

(Living Adults) : Resting Position

Anopheline (Anopheles) Culicine (Aedes and Culex)

Difference between Anopheline and Culicine

Hump back appearance

Anopheline (Anopheles) Culicine (Aedes and Culex)Adult

Fallagelum* Sound receptor

Clubbed

TaperedLaterally directed

Upturned

Shape of Scutellum Anopheline Culicine

Evenly curved and regular row of setae on the posterior border

Trilobed and setae is grouped on the lateral and median lobes

Distribution of scales on Abdominal sterna and also terga:

Completely or largely devoid of scales

Uniform layer of scales

Key to the genera of the family Culicidae

Anopheles Culex

Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus

Key to Aedes

Lyre

Anopheline Culicine

Eggs

Boat shaped eggsEgg raft (Culex), Singly Aedes

Egg shell/Chorion

Chorion (Air filled compartment)=Float

Cup shaped Corolla

1mm long

3-4mmX2-3mm

100-150/batch at night on water surface

Anopheline Culicine

Larva/Wigglers (Apodus)

Palmate hairs= 10-20 radiating leafletes

Chewing Mouth part

Spiracular vulve

Siphon

Aedes = short siphonCulex = Long and slender siphonNo Siphon

No Palmate hairs

Larval Respiration

Pupa/TumblersAedes CulexAnopheles

Tracheal system and cuticular respiration by larvae

Short broad breathing/air trumpet, distally expanded

Long narrow breathing trumpet, tubular

Paddle (at 9th segment)

Adult emergence: Gas accumulation at midgut and spilt appears mid-dorsally of the pupal cuticle

Respiratory siphon/siphon

EggsFloat

Respiratory siphonPalmate hairsFeeding

Respiratory trumpet

Adult (palp)ScutellumScales

Resting position

At a glance

Example

Vector Importance

Agents Disease Vector (s)Plasmodium spp of mammals Malaria Anopheles (primary host)

Yellow fever virusRift vally fever virus

Yellow feverRift vally fever(Southern Africa)

Aedes

Dengue virus (DEN virus) Dengue Aedes (A aegypti and A albopictus)

Chikungunya (CHIK) virusAfrica, India and Southestern Asia

Dengue like Arthralgic illness

Aedes

Borerelia anserina Fowl spirochaetosis Aedes

Plasmodium spp of bird Avian Malaria Culex , Anopheles and Aedes

Wuchereria bancrofti Filariasis/Elephatiasis Culex ,Aedes and Mansonia (I/H)

Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilariosis Anopheles, Culex and Mansonia (I/H)

Brugia malayi Filariasis(Indonesia, South east Asia and Srilanka)

Mansonia and Anopheles

Control and prevention:

Oil based insecticide for the Culicid larvae

Larvicidal compound and Larvicidal fish (Gambusia spp)

Paris Green mixed with Kerosene (carrier) effective larvicidal

Pyrethrum, Organophosphorus compounds (Difenphos, Fenthion)

Chlorinated Hydrocarbon (DDT; banned, dieldrin, chlordane)

Surface applied dust for the Anopheline larvae

Temephos larvicide (organophosphorus) applied with granular formulation

Disintegrates slowly and long tem effect

No toxic barrier on water surface by water insulable sufactant (Lecithin) for pupae

Introudction of invetebrate predators

Fungus (Lagenidium giganteum) and Protozoa

Bacteira (Bacillus sphaericus and B thuringiensis) highly toxic to larvae

Management:

Measures against immature stages:

Measures against Adults:

DDT (Banned), insecticidal effect remain 6 to 12 months

HCH and BHC (Benzene Hexachloride), Lindane (Gamma isomer, have musty odor and

expensive, More toxic than DDT, Used as spray, Banned)

Dieldrin, a Chlorinated hydrocarbon (used as spray), banned

Malathion, an organophosphorus, broad spectrum insecticide, effect 6 months (spray)

Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids (Popular) , also repellent

Indalone and dimethyl phthalate (as repellent, WHO recommended

Managemetal approaches

Prepared by DR. Md. Abdul AlimAssistant Professor

Department of Pathology and Parasitology, CVASUand PhD fellow, James Cook University, Australia

email: mdabdul.alim@my.jcu.edu.au

References1. D.S., Kettle (2000). Medical and Veterinary Entomology, CAB International,2nd edi,pp…

2. Gary and Lance, (2009). Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 2nd Edn, Elsevier, Inc, pp…

3. E J L Soulby (1982). Helminths, Arthopods and Protozoa of Domestic animals, ………..

4. G.M.Urqhart., J.Armour., J.L.Duncan., F.W. Jennings., (1966). Veterinary Parasitology, Black

well Science Ltd.,2nd edi.pp:

THANKS