monitoring indoor air quality - university of california

Monitoring Indoor Air Quality

Manuel BarronUniversity of California, Santa Cruz

mbarron4@ucsc.edu

CEGA/DIME Measurement WorkshopBerkeley, August 19th, 2014

Why Monitor Indoor Air Pollution?

I Monitors not cheap ($500 - but used to cost $2-3K)I Field logistics: laptops, batteries, cables, software, etc.I (good luck with customs!)I Need to train personnel, put protocols in place, etc.I Visit households multiple times in same roundI So why do it?

UCB-PATS (Berkeley Air)

Why Monitor Indoor Air Pollution?

I Monitors not cheap ($500 - but used to cost $2-3K)I Field logistics: laptops, batteries, cables, software, etc.I (good luck with customs!)I Need to train personnel, put protocols in place, etc.I Visit households multiple times in same roundI So why do it?

UCB-PATS (Berkeley Air)

Why Monitor Indoor Air Pollution?

I Monitors not cheap ($500 - but used to cost $2-3K)I Field logistics: laptops, batteries, cables, software, etc.I (good luck with customs!)I Need to train personnel, put protocols in place, etc.I Visit households multiple times in same roundI So why do it?

UCB-PATS (Berkeley Air)

Why Monitor Indoor Air Pollution?

I Monitors not cheap ($500 - but used to cost $2-3K)I Field logistics: laptops, batteries, cables, software, etc.I (good luck with customs!)I Need to train personnel, put protocols in place, etc.I Visit households multiple times in same roundI So why do it?

UCB-PATS (Berkeley Air)

Why Monitor Indoor Air Pollution?

I Monitors not cheap ($500 - but used to cost $2-3K)I Field logistics: laptops, batteries, cables, software, etc.I (good luck with customs!)I Need to train personnel, put protocols in place, etc.I Visit households multiple times in same roundI So why do it?

UCB-PATS (Berkeley Air)

Why Monitor Indoor Air Pollution?I Measurements in the field typically diverge from lab tests

(behavioral reasons: e.g. adoption patterns)I Indoor air pollution is the third leading risk factor in the

burden of diseaseI Are we making progress in reducing it?I Lower costs by analyzing subsamples of population under

study (keeping an eye on power)

photo credit: globalgiving.org

Example: Household Electrification and Indoor AirPollution

I Joint work with Maximo Torero (IFPRI)I Is there a relevant relationship between kerosene use and

indoor air quality?I Emissions from biomass use may dwarf any improvements

arising from changes in kerosene useI We use UCB-PATS to monitor PM2.5 concentrationI Setting: El Salvador, grid extension program

Monitor Placement

Fine Particulate Matter Concentration - Sample Data

Kerosene Expenditure and Overnight PM2.5

Concentration (5pm-7am)

0

.2

.4

.6

PM

2.5

conc

entr

atio

n

0 2 4 6 8 10Monthly Expenditure in Kerosene (USD)

Electrification, Kerosene, and Overnight PM2.5

Concentration

-1

-.5

0

.5

z-sc

ore

2009 2010 2011 2012

(a) Monthly Expenditure in Kerosene, Indoor Air Pollution Subsample

-.5

0

.5

1

z-sc

ore

2009 2010 2011 2012

T2 T1 Control

(b) Fine PM Concentration, Indoor Air Pollution Subsample

iButton Temperature Sensors (a.k.a. SUMs)

I Measure kero lamp temperatureI attach them to lamp, log temperature every minuteI can infer if lamp was on or offI fairly inexpensive ($20-30)I Data currently under analysis

HEALTHEFFECT

National and Regional Fuel Use

Stove Usage

Emissions Sampling

Emissions Sampling + HH Characteristics

Micro-environmental Pollutant Concentrations

Micro-environmental + Time Activity

Personal Exposure

Personal Exposure + Time Activity

Biomarkers of Exposure

Biomarkers of E ect

Data-logging digital thermometer!!

Attached to combustion devices !to assess time of use!

!Lightweight, cheap, robust, reliable

Exposure to PM2.5 (mg/day)

I Exposure is the amount of pollutants going into a person’srespiratory tract

I Based on recall data

0.00  

1.00  

2.00  

3.00  

4.00  

5.00  

6.00  

Females   Males  

5.68  

3.20  

3.93  

1.43  

No  voucher  

Voucher  

Time Activity Monitoring System (TAMS)

I joint work with Nick Lam and Ajay Pillarisetti (UC Berkeley,Public Health), based on work by Tracey Allen

I funding from CEGAI receiver placed on pollution sourceI household members carry small radio transmitterI matchbox (⇒ wristband)I Data on whether the person was present in the room

(1-min resolution)I Rebound effect (AC is on - are people in the room?)I Risks: compliance, Hawthorne effect

Time Activity Monitoring System v2

Manuel Barron, Nick Lam, & Ajay Pillarisetti December 2013

TAMS

PM2.5 Concentration

PM2.5 Concentration + Presence

PM2.5 Concentration + Presence + Use

0

1

2

3

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Hour of Day

PM

2.5

(mg/

m3)

Assign the exposure based on the pollutant measurements and time in the kitchen!!0.065 mg/m3

PM2.5 ConcentrationPresence in KitchenStove in Use