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CPD Unit
Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
Tel: +44 (0)1707 66201 Fax: +44 (0)1707 666877 Email: certavp@rvc.ac.uk
Module C
Veterinary Anaesthesia Equine Anaesthesia and Analgesia (C-VA.2)
Module Leader - Elizabeth Armitage-Chan MA Vet MB DipACVA MRCVS
RCVS Specialist in Veterinary Anaesthesia
The aim of the module is to enable the candidate to extend and consolidate clinical knowledge and
skills gained at undergraduate level, and to develop an in-depth understanding of the application of
that knowledge in a practice environment in relation to equine anaesthesia.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the module, candidates should be able to:
Examine a horse and appreciate the relevance of clinical, haematological, biochemical and
other specific diagnostic findings on the conduct of anaesthesia and management of the
perioperative period
Appreciate the impact of pre-existing disease on the conduct of anaesthesia and management
of the perioperative period
Understand the pharmacology and clinical use of drugs used for premedication, sedation and
standing surgical anaesthesia
Understand the pharmacology and clinical use of intravenous anaesthetic drugs and their use
in total intravenous techniques
Understand the pharmacology of the inhalant anaesthetic agents and their use in anaesthesia
Understand the functional characteristics of the anaesthetic breathing systems
Appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of intermittent positive pressure ventilation
and how this may be delivered
Understand in general terms how the electronic monitoring systems used during anaesthesia
function, and be able to interpret the information they provide
CPD Unit
Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
Tel: +44 (0)1707 666201 Fax: +44 (0)1707 666877 Email: certavp@rvc.ac.uk
Understand the anatomy of the spinal chord, epidural space and peripheral nerves commonly
blocked by local anaesthetic techniques. Understand the pharmacology of local analgesic
drugs, their application (topical, local infiltration, regional and epidural techniques) and
appreciate the procedures suited to local analgesic techniques
Understand the effects of anaesthesia on cardiovascular function, appreciate how these effects
can be minimised and the pharmacology of drugs commonly used to support cardiovascular
function
Plan and deliver appropriate fluid therapy (including an awareness of the principles of blood
transfusion)
Understand the effects of anaesthesia on oxygenation and ventilation. Appreciate how these
are maintained and monitored during anaesthesia
Understand the specific problems associated with anaesthesia in foals including the effects of
pre-existing disease, hypothermia and management of the mare
Recognise and deal with common anaesthetic emergencies and complications that develop in
the postoperative period, which result in mortality or morbidity. Understand the
pathophysiology of these conditions and methods to minimise their development
Review and constructively criticise current literature on the speciality, to determine its
relevance to their current practice
Utilise their understanding of Evidence Based Medicine and Decision Analysis to develop
practical anaesthetic techniques for their patients
Review the outcomes of at least part of their clinical work, using the process of clinical audit
to improve performance
Recognise when a case is beyond their personal or practice capabilities, and provide an
effective channel of referral
CPD Unit
Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
Tel: +44 (0)1707 666201 Fax: +44 (0)1707 666877 Email: certavp@rvc.ac.uk
LEARNING TOPICS
Aspects of physiology related to anaesthesia, including current knowledge of the function of
peripheral and autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular and respiratory systems and the transport
of gases, the control of water, electrolytes, hydrogen ions and buffers in biological systems, hepatic
and renal physiology and endocrinology.
Pharmacology, a knowledge of the actions of all drugs used in anaesthesia and supportive care
including an understanding of pharmacokinetics and metabolism, the effects of change in composition
of body fluids and transport across cell membranes.
Biophysics relevant to anaesthesia, techniques of biological measurement used in clinical and
experimental animals and interpretation of results including statistics.
Equine specific anatomy: CNS, spinal cord and the main nerve trunks blocked in regional analgesic
techniques and a knowledge of the anatomy of the thorax, abdomen, head and neck as they relate to
anaesthesia.
Equine anaesthesia (including techniques and drugs) pre-operative clinical assessment, sedation,
analgesia, premedication, intravenous anaesthesia, inhalational anaesthesia, induction and
maintenance of general anaesthesia, monitoring during anaesthesia. Use of neuromuscular blocking
agents. Ippv. Local and regional analgesic techniques.
Relevant anaesthetic apparatus: basic understanding of anaesthetic machines, breathing circuits,
vaporizers, monitoring equipment etc.
Knowledge of the pathophysiology of common equine diseases and disorders as they affect
anaesthesia, as well as the way anaesthesia may affect pathological processes, particularly those
diseases which affect cardiovascular, respiratory and renal function and those which produce
metabolic disturbances.
CPD Unit
Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
Tel: +44 (0)1707 666201 Fax: +44 (0)1707 666877 Email: certavp@rvc.ac.uk
Module C
Veterinary Anaesthesia Equine Anaesthesia and Analgesia (C-VA.2)
ASSESSMENT
A case diary that documents a broad range of cases requiring anaesthesia and documents the
candidate’s experiences over a minimum of 90 days and no fewer than 50 general anaesthetics.
10 cases should include critical commentaries on at least some of the learning resources used
and describe the application of the learning process to these cases. These may also be used to
document achievement of learning objectives not covered by the three cases included in the case
book. All cases should be those that have been directly managed by the candidate. If the
candidate has chosen to spend time seeing practice with a diploma anaesthetist those cases they
observe being managed can be included in the case diary and may be mentioned in the synoptic
essay but should be in addition to the minimum case requirements for this module.
At the end of the case diary candidates should include a 1,000 word synopsis of what they have
learned from the cases. This might include what has changed in their approach to a case, any
new procedures or investigations that are now considered, any additional reading which was
helpful, and/or any unexpected features of a case which will influence decision making in the
future.
A case book of three cases, with a combined total word count of 4,000 words and each
individual case book being a minimum of 1,000 words. In combination, these cases should be
selected to demonstrate that the candidate has developed proficiency in the skills and
understanding of the learning objectives outlined in the module content. They should
demonstrate the candidate’s ability to use the competencies that have been acquired to cope
with a challenging situation, rather than necessarily using “textbook cases” of particular
conditions. The case reports should also include comparative aspects of other cases and
knowledge gained from other species as evidence of learning. To avoid repetition, it is
permissible to cross-reference between the components of the module work, for example where
the same principles have been applied to different cases.
It is important that there is evidence from the case diary, critical commentaries and synoptic
essay that the candidate is familiar with and has reviewed all of the specified learning topics for
the module. Failure to do so will result in the aggregate mark for the case reports being graded
below the pass mark of 50%.
Up to 20% of cases submitted can be standing surgical procedures, however sedations for non-
invasive procedures, such as radiography, and diagnostic nerve blocks should not be included.
CPD Unit
Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
Tel: +44 (0)1707 666201 Fax: +44 (0)1707 666877 Email: certavp@rvc.ac.uk
It is expected that for most of these cases local or regional anaesthesia will be utilised and the
case log should include details of this, as well as that of any other analgesia administered.
ANNUAL ASSESSMENT TIMETABLE
17th December If you are submitting work for assessment on the following dates,
please inform CertAVP Admin Manager by 17th December
31st January Case books and diaries to be submitted by 31st January
31st March Marking will be completed by 31st March
LEARNING SUPPORT ACTIVITIES
Interesting articles posted by Module Leader
Mixed anaesthesia and analgesia questions
Links to useful websites
CPD Unit
Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
Tel: +44 (0)1707 666201 Fax: +44 (0)1707 666877 Email: certavp@rvc.ac.uk
Module C
Veterinary Anaesthesia Equine Anaesthesia and Analgesia (C-VA.2)
CASE REPORT GUIDELINES
Cases collected from up to 12 months prior to the date of enrolment on the CertAVP
programme can be submitted for assessment
Cases must not have been submitted for assessment for any other exam process
Cases should not be used for any other modules
CPD Unit
Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
Tel: +44 (0)1707 666201 Fax: +44 (0)1707 666877 Email: certavp@rvc.ac.uk
Module C
Veterinary Anaesthesia Equine Anaesthesia and Analgesia (C-VA.2)
INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUBMITTING CASE DIARY / SYNOPSIS / ESSAY
Please ensure that at the beginning of your case diary/synopsis/essay is included:
your name
module name
case diary/synopsis/essay title
word count (excluding the above, tables, photo titles and references)
Case diaries/essays should be referenced and references cited in a standard format.
Use The Veterinary Record or The Journal of Small Animal Practice as guidance to both
citation of references within the text and format of references in the reference list.
The Harvard Guide to Referencing is also available to candidates enrolled for learning
support or online (various web sites allow the guide to be downloaded).
Please submit your synopsis/essay as a
MS Word document (97-2003 format or later)*
(Please ensure digital images are submitted in a compressed format so that they can be
easily transferred via e-mail)
and your case diary as a
MS Excel spreadsheet (97-2003 format or later)*
attached to an e-mail and send it to: certavp@rvc.ac.uk
*(Please note that as synopsis/essays/case diaries in alternative formats have been unreadable in MS
Office any other format will be sent back to the candidate.)
CPD Unit
Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
Tel: +44 (0)1707 666201 Fax: +44 (0)1707 666877 Email: certavp@rvc.ac.uk
Module C
Veterinary Anaesthesia Equine Anaesthesia and Analgesia (C-VA.2)
SUGGESTED READING
Handbook of Equine Anaesthesia, Taylor and Clarke
Manual of Equine Anaesthesia, Doherty and Valverde
Equine Anaesthesia: Monitoring and Emergency Therapy, Muir
Veterinary Anaesthesia (2001) 10th edition, Hall, Clarke and Trim
BSAVA Manual of Small Animal Anaesthesia and Analgesia (2007) 2nd edition, Seymour and
Duke
Clinical Anaesthesia (1999), Haskins
Lumb and Jones’ Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia (2006) 4th edition, Tranquilli,
Thurmon and Grimm
Fluid, Electrolyte and acid base disorders in small animal practice (2006) 3rd edition, Di Bartola
Journals:
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
Equine Veterinary Journal
Equine Veterinary Education
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