module 2 guidelines in giving emergency care

2MODULE

1. Explain the need of preparation to a proper1. Explain the need of preparation to a proper emergency care. emergency care.

2. Describe the four emergency action principles 2. Describe the four emergency action principles 3. Enumerate the golden rules in giving 3. Enumerate the golden rules in giving emergency care.emergency care.

KNOWLEDGE OBJECTIVES:KNOWLEDGE OBJECTIVES:

• Demonstrate how to do a primary Demonstrate how to do a primary survey. survey.

SKILL OBJECTIVE:SKILL OBJECTIVE:

1. PLAN OF ACTION1. PLAN OF ACTION

Emergency plan should be established Emergency plan should be established based on anticipated needs and available based on anticipated needs and available resources.resources.

2. GATHERING OF NEEDED MATERIALS 2. GATHERING OF NEEDED MATERIALS

The emergency response begins with the The emergency response begins with the preparation of equipment and personnel preparation of equipment and personnel before any emergency occurs.before any emergency occurs.

3. INITIAL RESPONSE3. INITIAL RESPONSE

• Ask for HELP.Ask for HELP.• InterveneIntervene• Do no further harm.Do no further harm.

4. INSTRUCTION TO HELPER/S4. INSTRUCTION TO HELPER/S

Proper information and instruction to a Proper information and instruction to a helper/s would provide organized first aid helper/s would provide organized first aid care.care.

SURVEY THE SCENESURVEY THE SCENE

Once you recognized that an emergency has Once you recognized that an emergency has occurred and decide to act, you must make occurred and decide to act, you must make sure the scene of the emergency is safe for sure the scene of the emergency is safe for you, the victim/s, and any bystander/s.you, the victim/s, and any bystander/s.

Elements of the Survey the SceneElements of the Survey the Scene

• Scene safety.Scene safety.• Mechanism of injury or nature of illness.Mechanism of injury or nature of illness.• Determine the number of patients and Determine the number of patients and additional resources.additional resources.

ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE (AMA) ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE (AMA) OR TRANSFER FACILITYOR TRANSFER FACILITY

In some emergency, you will have enough In some emergency, you will have enough time to call for specific medical advice before time to call for specific medical advice before administering first aid. But in some administering first aid. But in some situations, you will need to attend to the situations, you will need to attend to the victim first.victim first.

Phone First and Phone FastPhone First and Phone Fast

Both trained and untrained bystanders should Both trained and untrained bystanders should be instructed to Activate Medical Assistance as be instructed to Activate Medical Assistance as soon as they have determined that an adult soon as they have determined that an adult victim requires emergency care “Phone First”. victim requires emergency care “Phone First”. While for infants and children a “Phone Fast” While for infants and children a “Phone Fast” approach is recommended.approach is recommended.

DO A PRIMARY SURVEY OF THE VICTIMDO A PRIMARY SURVEY OF THE VICTIM

In every emergency situation, you must first In every emergency situation, you must first find out if there are conditions that are an find out if there are conditions that are an immediate threat to the victim’s life.immediate threat to the victim’s life.

Check for ConsciousnessCheck for Consciousness

Check for BreathingCheck for Breathing

Check for AirwayCheck for Airway

Check for CirculationCheck for Circulation

DO A SECONDARY SURVEYDO A SECONDARY SURVEY

It is a systematic method of gathering It is a systematic method of gathering additional information about injuries or additional information about injuries or conditions that may need care.conditions that may need care.

1. Interview the victim.1. Interview the victim.

2. Check vital signs.2. Check vital signs.

3. Perform head-to-toe examination.3. Perform head-to-toe examination.

GOLDEN RULES IN GIVING EMERGENCY CARE

What to DO :

Do obtain consent, when possible.Do think the worst. It’s best to

administer first aid for the gravest possibility.

Do remember to identify yourself to the victim.

Do provide comfort and emotional support.

Do respect the victim’s modesty and physical privacy.

Do be as calm and as direct as possible.

Do care for the most serious injuries first. Do assist the victim with his or her Do assist the victim with his or her

prescription medication.prescription medication. Do keep onlookers away from the injured Do keep onlookers away from the injured

person.person. Do handle the victim to a minimum.Do handle the victim to a minimum. Do loosen tight clothing. Do loosen tight clothing.

What not to DO :

Do not let the victim see his/her own injury.

Do not leave the victim alone except to get help.

Do not assume that the victim’s obvious injuries are the only ones.

Do not make any unrealistic promises.

Do not trust the judgment of a confused victim and require them to make decision.

Presented by: Dave Jay S. Manriquez RN.