models of the solar system chap. 29, sect. 1 objectives: swbat… 1. compare the models of the...
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MODELS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEMChap. 29, Sect. 1•OBJECTIVES: SWBAT…•1. Compare the models of the universe developed by Ptolemy and Copernicus.
•2. Summarize Kepler’s 3 laws of planetary motion.
EARLY VIEWS OF SOLAR SYSTEM•1. Earth is center: geocentric theory. (Aristotle)
•2. Earth is flat and motionless.
GEOCENTRIC THEORY
EARLY VIEWS OF SOLAR SYSTEM•3. Greeks: planets move in reverse direction (retrograde motion).
RETROGRADE MOTION
CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY
EARLY VIEWS OF SOLAR SYSTEM•4. Ptolemy: “planet has 2 motions”:
• A. one is around the Earth.
• B. one is on a smaller circle (epicycle).
EARLY VIEWS OF SOLAR SYSTEM• C. explains retrograde motion.
EPICYCLES
NICHOLAS COPERNICUS
RISE OF MODERN ASTRONOMY•1. Copernicus:•A. “sun is the center”•B. “planets move at a different speed and direction, which explains retrograde motion.
COPERNICAN VIEW
TYCHO BRAHE
RISE OF MODERN ASTRONOMY•2. Tycho Brahe:•A. uses 1st pretelescopic instruments.
•B. charts over 700 stars in precise positions.
JOHANNES KEPLER
RISE OF MODERN ASTRONOMY•3. Johannes Kepler:•A. analyzes Brahe’s data.
•B. comes up with 3 Laws of Planetary Motion.
RISE OF MODERN ASTRONOMY•LAW 1: “The motion of a planet around the sun is an ellipse (oval-shaped).”
•A. sun occupies 1 foci.•B. perihelion and aphelion.
LAW OF ELLIPSES
RISE OF MODERN ASTRONOMY•LAW 2 (Equal Areas): “A line drawn from a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal amounts of time.”
LAW OF EQUAL AREAS
RISE OF MODERN ASTRONOMY•LAW 3 ( Law of Harmony): “The cube of the ave. dist. Of a planet from the sun is always proportional to the square of the period.”
•K x r3 = p2
NEWTON’S LAWS•Said that a moving body will
change its motion only if an outside force causes it to do so.
•Inertia: the tendency of a moving body to move in a straight line at a constant speed until an outside force is applied.
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