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Zn( recent( pupils’( performance( studies( )7Zš5[( 7Z8zš.Zöz+q( reading(skills(turned(out(to(be(a(sine(qua(non(condition(for(educational(success(as(well(as(a(stumbling(block(for(many(children(and(adolescents([–]](>n(this( background[( the( acquisition( of( literacy( by( young( people( with(migration( background[( practicing( a( heritage( language( within( their(families[( is(being(paid(more(attention( in( recent(scientific(work](>ne(of(questions( waiting( for( an( answer( concerns( the( benefit( of( becoming(literate( in( at( least( two( languages( –( the( language( of( the( social(environment[(mostly(being( the( language(of( schooling[( and( the(heritage(language[( as( well]( @here( seems( to( be( some( evidence( that( advanced(reading(and(writing( skills( in(both( languages(do(have(a(positive( impact(on(general(linguistic(performance(and(on(educational(success([2C(;]]4ut( to( what( extent( heritage( speakers( are( able( to( read( in( their( heritage(language%( 5s( far( as( the( category( of( heritage( speakers( seems( to( be( a(rather(sociolinguistic(one(we(expect(to(be(faced(with(a(great(amount(of(heterogeneity( in( linguistic( competence]( @he( aim( of( our( research( is( to(determine( how( young( people( with( 8ussian( heritage( language( in(öermany(cope(with( the( task( to(read(aloud(in(8ussian](What(deviations(from( the( text( origin( do( they( show%( Which( linguistic( levels( do( attract(errors%( Whereas( most( studies( on( reading( pay( attention( on( the(understanding(of( the( text(we(aim( to(work(on(a(more( linguistic( surface(level]

Vypothesis

'aterial(G('ethods 8esults

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5cknowledgements

We( thank( the( zi'5( Xetwork( for( funding( data( gathering[( processing( and(analysis(within(the(zi7š(7roject]

@he( mean( reading( rate( measured( by( words( per( second( )Dig]( 2q( (increases( with( age]( @hat( means[( that( the( development( of( reading(skills(in(8ussian((seems(to(be(forced(in(the(families()see(also(Dig](–q](@aking( into( account( that( we( deal( with( an( apparent1time( study( this(result(may(be(explained(by(different(factors(lying(in(the(background(of(the(subsamples](Dig](;(displays(the(mean(error(rates(defined(as(the(averaged(proportion(of( errors(on( text( tokens](5s(we(assumed[(with(growing( age( 1( and( reading( ability( 1( error( rates( show( declension](7honetic(errors(constitute(the(most((frequent(error(type(for(all(groups(followed( by( lexical( and( morphosyntactic( deviations( )Dig]( ;q]( 5ll(errors( within( an( age( group( assumed( to( be( –OO( /[( we( see( that( the(share( of( phonetic( errors( ( is( shrinking( from( x( till( –B( whereas( the(amount( of( lexical( errors( is( growing( rapidly( from( x( till( ––( years()@able(–q](5( slight( increase( can( also(be( stated( for( morphosyntactic(deviations]( Within( phonetic( errors[( segmental( errors( are( the( most(frequent(in(all(age(groups[(showing(a(tendency(to(rise()Dig](Bq]((@he(analysis( of( lexical( errors( discovers( ( that( readers( on( all( age( levels(substitute( ( tokens( with( existing( 8ussian( words( relying( on(graphematic.phonematic( as( well( as( semantic( similarities[( often( ( on(both]( ( 5n( interesting( parameter( reflecting( metalinguistic( ability( is(illustrated( in(Dig](3&(@he(younger( the(reader[( the(higher( the(amount(of(uncorrected(items(and(the(relative(share(of(them[(and(vice(versa]

8eferences–]öogolin[(Z](2OOx](:hancen(und(8isiken(nach(7Zš5(–(über(4ildungsbeteiligung(von('igrantenkindern(und(8eformvorschläge](Zn&(5uernheimer[(ö]()Vg]q&(šchieflage(im(4ildungssystem](üie(4enachteiligung(der('igrantenkinder](2](5ufl](Wiesbaden[(;;1BO]2](ööbel[((E]C(8auch[(ü]C(Vieluf[(š](2O––](zeistungsbedingungen(und(zeistungsergebnisse(von(šchülerinnen(und(šchülern(türkischer[(russischer(und(polnischer(Verkunftssprachen](Zn&((Zeitschrift(für(Znterkulturellen(Dremdsprachenunterricht(–x&(2[(BO1xB];]4öhmer[(J](2O–2](4iliteralität](äine(študie(zu(literaten(štrukturen(von(Jugendlichen(im(üeutschen(und(8ussischen](Vamburg](+nveröff](üissertation]3](šapunova[(ä](']C(:han[(X](5](2O–;](Čtenie(kak(vid(rečevoj(dejatelUnosti(i(tip(ustnogo(spontannogo(monologa](Zn&(4ogdanova14eglarjan[(X](V]()ed]q(Zvukovoj(korpus(kak(material(dlja(analiza(russkoj(reči](ČastU(–](šankt17etersburg[(–BO12–;]

@he( recording( procedure( took( place( at( the( childrensU( home]( üigital(recording(was(performed()33[–(kVz.(–x(bitq(using(a(headset](@ranscription(and(error(type(marking(was(made(by(äX'58azü5]5n( error( type( classification( was( applied( distinguishing( between( phonetic()segmental( and( stressq[( morphosyntactic[( and( lexical( errors( [3]]( Dull( or(partial( substitutions( of( words( which( did( not( lead( to( any( distortion( of( the(morphosyntactic( structure( were( considered( to( be( lexical( errors]( @he(changing( of( grammatical( forms( and( of( the( word( order( were( regarded( as(morphosyntactic(errors]

wwüata(7rocessingwüata(öathering

–]( ReadingM rateM andM errorM rate( correlate&( @he( faster( the( reading( rate()tokens(per(secondq(is[(the(less(is(the(error(rate()errors.tokensq](4oth(are(considered(as(indicators(of(generalMreadingMability]

2]( @he( better( persons( read( the( more( they( show( self1monitoring( effects(resulting( in( self-correctionsM ofM erroneousM reading]( @he( proportion( of(corrected(and(uncorrected(errors(serves(as(an(indicator(of(metalinguisticMability](

;](5gainst(the(background(of(oral(speech(data[((the(following(frequencyMrangeM ofM errorM types( is( expected&( phonetic( errors( 0( morphosyntactic(errors(0(lexical(errors]

3](üue(to(the(difficult(nature(of(word(stress(in(8ussian[(we(expect(a(great(amount(of(stressMplacementMerrors(within(phonetic(errors]

–]( Within( our( sample[( we( observe( a( correlation( between( readingM abilityMandM ageM of( the( test( persons( which( confirms( hypothesis( one&( @he( reading(ability( growths( with( age]( @his( tendency( is( manifested( by( the( portion( of(reading(persons((per(age(group(as(well(as(by(the(meanMreadingMMandMerrorMrates](2]( Zn( line( with( this( result( should( be( seen( the( relatively( high( amount( of(uncorrectedM errorsM produced( by( young( readers[( and( their( absolute( and(relative(reduction(with(age](@his(phenomenon(indicates(on(the(development(of(metalinguistic(competence](;](Zn(all(age(groups[(phoneticMerrors(are(the(most(frequent(ones[(followedMbyMerrors(in(lexisMandMmorphosyntax.(@he(growing(share(of(lexical(errors(on(the(general(error(rate(of(––1(and(–B1year1olds[(as(well(as(the(declension(of( phonetic( errors( can( be( interpreted( as( an( indirect( sign( of( growing(linguistic(competence](3](StressMplacementM errors( turned(out( to(be( seldom( 1( in( contrary( to(data(from(z2.z;(learners(of(8ussian](

@able(–&(üistribution((of(error(types(()in(/q

7honetic 'orphosyntactic zexical @otalx(years ?– –O –H –OO

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We(recorded(Bx(heritage(speakers(of(8ussian(living(in(Vamburg(()–W(x1years(old( childrenC( 2O( ––1year1old( children( and( –W( test( persons( )t]p]q[( aged( –Bq](@he( test( persons( had( to( manage( different( tasks]( >ne( of( them( was( to( read(aloud(a(short(story(written(for(children(by(the(8ussian(autor('](Zoščenko](@he( text( consists( of( –?2( tokens]( >nly( ;3( )x–( /q( of( the( t]p]( sample(participated(in(the(reading(test](;O(of(them(dealt(with(it(successfully[(reading(at(least(?O(/(of(the(words](Dig](–(shows(the(distribution(of(reading(abilities(in(the(sample](@he(ability(to(read(is(growing(from(the(subsample(of(x1year1olds(with(an(unsurprisingly(low(number(of(readers()–?(/q(over(the(––1year1olds()xO(/q(till(the(–B1year1olds()W;(/q](((

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