“mitochondrial eve”
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““MITOCHONDRIAL EVE” MITOCHONDRIAL EVE”
THEORY - The mitochondrial THEORY - The mitochondrial DNA in modern humans was DNA in modern humans was inherited from one common inherited from one common female ancestor in Africa female ancestor in Africa ~200,000 years ago.~200,000 years ago.
Mitochondria Mitochondria
• StructureStructure-cristae-cristae
-matrix-matrix
• FunctionsFunctions-generate energy-generate energy-cellular respiration-cellular respiration-heat production -heat production
• OriginOrigin – – symbiosis of primitive symbiosis of primitive bacteria and eukaryotic cellsbacteria and eukaryotic cells
Mitochondrial DNAMitochondrial DNA
• Double-stranded, circularDouble-stranded, circular• 16,569 base pairs16,569 base pairs• Independent replicationIndependent replication• No recombinationNo recombination• No DNA repairNo DNA repair• 10X higher mutation rate10X higher mutation rate
Mitochondria & FertilizationMitochondria & Fertilization
• Oocytes have 100,000 mitochondriaOocytes have 100,000 mitochondria
• Sperm have < 100 mitochondriaSperm have < 100 mitochondria
• Sperm mitochondria is destroyed after Sperm mitochondria is destroyed after fertilizationfertilization
• Mitochondria is only inherited from the Mitochondria is only inherited from the mothermother
““MITOCHONDRIAL EVE”MITOCHONDRIAL EVE”
THEORY - The mitochondrial DNA THEORY - The mitochondrial DNA in modern humans was inherited in modern humans was inherited from one common female from one common female ancestor in Africa ~200,000 years ancestor in Africa ~200,000 years ago.ago.
Possible Causes/Events for Possible Causes/Events for Mitochondrial EveMitochondrial Eve
• BottleneckBottleneck
• Random Genetic DriftRandom Genetic Drift
• ParthenogenesisParthenogenesis
The ParthenonThe Parthenon
Molecular EvidenceMolecular Evidence
• DNA Restriction DNA Restriction AnalysisAnalysis
• SequencingSequencing
Evolutionary TreeEvolutionary Tree
other Africans
Bushmen
Ethiopians N. AfricansS.W. AsiansMiddle EasternersEuropeansIndiansLapps
N.E. Asians
American Indians
S.E. Asians
Pacific Islanders
New Guineans
Australians
Anthropological EvidenceAnthropological Evidence
• Human Human
bonesbones
• toolstools
SummarySummary
• Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mothermother
• A population bottleneck likely resulted in A population bottleneck likely resulted in Mitochondrial EveMitochondrial Eve
• Molecular and anthropological evidence Molecular and anthropological evidence support the theory of Mitochondrial Evesupport the theory of Mitochondrial Eve
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http://hotbot.com/?MT=parthenogenesis&BT=H&DHS=1
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Key References
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