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Mission Critical Power Review
Understanding concepts of mission critical power designs
Chris Loeffler, ChrisALoeffler@Eaton.comEd Spears, EdSpears@Eaton.comPower Quality Global HQ, Raleigh, NC
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Did you know?
• Eaton is the #2 UPS manufacturer worldwide for single phase systems.
• Eaton is the #1 UPS manufacturer worldwide for UPS systems > 5kVA.
• Eaton is the leading IT Sector OEM UPS Manufacturer
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Covering 10-1100 kVA with single systems - Providing paralleled capacity up to 8.8 MVA
Three-Phase Product Lineup
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Eaton Solutions Are Different, They Are Designed To Deliver Efficient Uptime
Eaton Backup Power solutions solve many of the challenges seen in other backups. Eaton solutions are designed to deliver:
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Today's agenda
• UPS designs• Reliability and Availability • Types of redundancy• Improving redundancy • Options for power distribution flexibility• Energy efficient designs• Additional considerations • Closing
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Do you find yourself asking:
• What makes the best sense for me?• How much redundancy do I need?• What is the best approach to save money?• How much is this going to cost?
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UPS Designs
• Standby • Eaton 3105
• Double Conversion • Eaton 9130• Eaton 9355
• Multi-mode • Eaton BladeUPS• Eaton 9395
• Line Interactive • Eaton 5130• Eaton 5PX
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Reliability vs. Availability
• Reliability is many times expressed as the products expected operational time before it quits operating properly• MTBF – Mean Time Before Failure
• MIL-HDBK-217F • Telcordia (Bellcore) SR-332
• MTBF is NOT a good measure of performance• “Availability” is a better measure
Availability = MTBF
MTBF + MTTRMTTR = Mean time to repair
Availability is usually expressed by the “number of 9’s”
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Types of redundancy - improving availability
• No redundancy• Subsystem redundancy • Parallel redundancy• (N+1) redundancy • (2N) redundancy • (2N+1) redundancy
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Subsystem A
λ 1
Subsystem B
λ 2
Subsystem C
λ 3
Subsystem D
λ 4INPUT OUTPUT
No Redundancy Power System
• All devices are serially connected
• A fault in any device causes downtime
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Power Architectures Tier I
Tier level definitions per the Uptime Institute
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How to increase “availability”
• Batteries are typically a UPS systems weakest point
Battery Battery Battery Battery Battery
Series connected
UPS System
Parallelconnected
Battery Battery Battery Battery Battery
Series connected
Battery Battery Battery Battery Battery
UPS System
• For additional reliability add an external battery monitor
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How to increase “availability”
• Add a maintenance bypass in case of a system fault, or you need to work on the UPS/battery.
Maintenance Bypass (Manual)Utility AC
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Eaton 9390
UPSBattery Cabinet
Maintenance Bypass/Distribution
Parallel Battery Cabinet
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Eaton 5130
UPS with internal battery
Second Parallel Battery Module
Maintenance Bypass
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Power Architectures Tier II
Tier level definitions per the Uptime Institute
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Subsystem redundancy
• Redundancy in electronics• Some designs may include some redundant
internal components, but still contain a number of sub systems that are “common”.
Subsystem A
λ 1
Subsystem B
λ 2
Subsystem B
λ 2
Subsystem B
λ 2
Subsystem C
λ 3
Subsystem D
λ 4INPUT OUTPUT
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Parallel redundancy
• Parallel Redundant systems.• The highest level of redundancy, because there are
no, or very simple redundant components, which have a minimal impact to overall reliability. These systems should also have “peer to peer” control capability, as then a control issue in one system will not impact another.
Subsystem A
λ 1
Subsystem A
λ 1
Subsystem A
λ 1
OUTPUTINPUT
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Increasing power infrastructure “availability” N+1 systems
30 kVA 30 kVA 30 kVA 30 kVA
Load 90 kVA total
Any single UPS can be taken off line for maintenance or repair
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Redundancy Scale
None Maximum
Which is more reliable?
System “A”
System “B”Redundancy Scale
None Maximum
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Product examples of subsystem vs. parallel redundancy
System “A”
System “B”BladeUPS9355
Competitors products
9155 9E
9390
Eaton products
9395
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Static Bypass
Maint B
ypass
Redundant components in a BladeUPS 60 kW (N+1) system
UPS 1 UPS 4UPS 2 UPS 3 UPS 5 UPS 6
Battery system Battery breaker Static Bypass Switch Logic Control
Maintenance Bypass Switch
Rectifier and Inverter
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Maintaining a parallel rack system design
Power outPower in
Battery end of life
Failure of power module
Failure of chassis
In a BladeUPS system, all parts can be replaced by
end user or any other service provider.
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PowerVaul t530F
Po werVa ult210 S
6
7
3
41
0
P o we r E d g e 2 9 5 0
6
7
3
41
0
P o we r E d g e 2 9 5 0
Po werVa ult210 S
PowerVault530F
Powe rVault2 10S
6
7
3
41
0
Po we r E d g e 29 5 0
6
7
3
41
0
Po we r E d g e 29 5 0
Powe rVault2 10S
PowerVault530F
Powe rVault2 10S
6
7
3
41
0
Po we r E d g e 29 5 0
6
7
3
41
0
Po we r E d g e 29 5 0
Powe rVault2 10S
PowerVault530F
PowerVault530F
Power system integrated into the IT space
+12kW
• Modular power and power distribution• Using the Eaton RPM (rack power module) a
small initial UPS deployment can be easily expanded over time.
• 12kW power building blocks
• 12kW power distribution building blocks
• All power distribution in the racks
• Extra battery capacity can go in any cabinet
• Reduced need for electrical contractors
• Increase power and distribution on the fly
• Customers can change out power distribution
Total load 12kW 24kW 48kW
12kW
N+1
Red
unda
nt U
PS P
ower
24k
48k
+24kWRPM “ePDU”
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Standalone “horizontal” parallel system
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If total system is redundant (N+1), failure of any one system does not effect critical bus
Protected AC from inverters
4 x 80kVA (320) or 240kVA N+1 parallel system
27 27Tier level definitions per the Uptime Institute
Power Architectures Tier III
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Increasing power infrastructure “availability”
Adding power supply redundancy at the server
UPS 1
Power panel
1
Power panel
2“A”
side
power
“B”
side
power
Tier III deployment, one power
source can be off-line for service or
repair
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Increasing power infrastructure “availability” 2N systems
UPS 2
UPS 1
Power panel
1
Power panel
2“A”
side
power
“B”
side
power
2N deployment, one power
source can be off-line for service or
repair
30 30Tier level definitions per the Uptime Institute
Power Architectures Tier IV
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Maximum power infrastructure “availability” 2N+1 systems
UPS 2B
UPS 1A
Power panel
1
Power panel
2
UPS 1B
UPS 1C
UPS 2C
UPS 2A
Rack Transfer switch (ATS)
32 32AC Unit
UPS RPP
AC Unit
UPS RPP
Today - Modular approach to IT
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IT lo
ad e
quip
men
t
Modular building block concepts
• High density small footprint:• Each 12 kW BladeUPS system is 6U
and includes battery with automated maintenance bypass.
• Each 6U system can be a single system in a standard IT cabinet, supporting up to 12 kW
• Build a 12 to 60 kW N+1 system in 1 cabinet with up to 6 modules connected in one 42U cabinet.
12kW
24kW
36kW
48kW
60kW
60kW N+1
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12kW
Single BladeUPS Scalable BladeUPS
PowerVault530F
PowerVault210S
PowerVault210S
6
7
3
41
0
P o w e r E d g e 2 9 5 0
6
7
3
41
0
P o w e r E d g e 2 9 5 0
6
7
3
41
0
P o w e r E d g e 2 9 5 0
Compute expansion needed
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275 kVA Redundant! 550 kVA Redundant!On-site upgrade
Flexible, Scalable, Upgradeable
• Add another 275 kVA in the field for redundancy, or for capacity
• Simply choose an ISBM sized for future growth• Leave space on the left side
• Enables flexibility for future changes in load demands, and new requirements for higher reliability
On-site upgrade
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Project BlueGrass – sites (Louisville, KY)Blue Site
• 20.7 acres• Expandable to support 6 data halls @ 10K sq. ft. • Max power density of 180 w/sq. ft. • 14 miles from Red Site
Red Site • 30 acres • Expandable to support 6 data halls @ 10K sq. ft. • Max power density of 180 w/sq. ft. • 14 miles from Blue Site
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Blue Grass Design
Blue and Red Facilities are identical
• Overall facility – 102,000 sq. ft. • Office space – 10,000 sq. ft.
• Gray space: Electrical infrastructure – 35,000 sq. ft.
Mechanical infrastructure – 14,000 sq. ft.
• White space: Two data halls @ 10,000 sq. ft. each Power density 90 w/sq. ft. (day one) Upgrade steps at 120 and 180 w/sq. ft.
• All electrical and mechanical infrastructure components are redundant (n+1)
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Out of UPS power (1500 sq ft floor)
AC Unit AC Unit
300kVA
AC Unit
150kVA PDU150kVA PDU
UPS room
Existing UPS will not support additional equipmentNeed to add 10 racks of Blade Servers, replacing two full rows of ~4kW per rack equipmentWould like 2(N+1) UPS protection for Blades
300
kVA
UPS
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Modular concept in existing space
AC Unit AC Unit
300kVA
AC Unit
150kVA PDU150kVA PDU
Modular UPS
Modular UPS
Modular UPS
Modular UPS
6U Rack PDU
150 kVA
XFMR
150 kVA
XFMR
6U Rack PDU
6U Rack PDU
6U Rack PDU
6U Rack PDU
6U Rack PDU
6U Rack PDU
6U Rack PDU
6U Rack PDU
6U Rack PDU
High density – high availability compute 2(N+1) power
Standard density – standard availability N only power level
Area that could have density increased to 15 kW per rack
300
kVA
UPS
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What are other considerations:
What size module is the right size?
What is the price I will pay for additional reliability?
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The Value of EatonThe Value of Eaton
Eaton Three-Phase UPSs
provide the greatest combination of benefits, delivering tangible benefits for specifying engineers, consultants and end users
» Lowest Total Cost of Ownership industry-wide
» Superior Performance and efficiency
» Real-time Information and Control
» World-class Support and Service
Eaton 9390
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Low TCOLow TCO
Eaton UPSs
deliver low TCO from advances in several product facets» 400V Site Design» High Power Density – small system footprints» Reduced weight and transportation costs» Low installation and Leading Efficiency – Quantifiable Benefits» Maintenance» Scalability
Low TCOImproving the bottom line
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UPS Efficiency over time
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Low TCO Low TCO –– Leading EfficiencyLeading Efficiency
Two complementary Eaton-proprietary technologies, maximizing UPS efficiency under any condition!
Energy Advantage Architecture Higher System Efficiency No Compromise On Reliability
Energy Saver Systems (ESS)» The ultimate savings: 99% efficiency» Automatic fast transfer to double conversion
mode when needed (in less than 2 ms)
Variable Module Management System (VMMS)» Maximized efficiency in double conversion mode» Both in single- and multi-UPS systems applications
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Energy costs
are overwhelming equipment costs in data centers.» UPS electrical losses account for 5-10%
of the overall electrical expenditure.*
Eaton’s Energy Saver System drives these losses down to nearly zero.
The energy savings recovers the cost of the UPS in less than 5 years.
* Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center: The Economic Meltdown of Moore’s Law, Uptime Institute, 2007
Low TCO Low TCO –– Leading EfficiencyLeading Efficiency
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ESS Efficiency 99% –
across the complete operating range
Low TCO Low TCO –– Leading EfficiencyLeading Efficiency
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The energy savings from ESS typically recovers 100%
of the UPS cost over a 3-5
year period» At 250kW of critical load, the savings is equivalent
to $4000 per year per point of efficiency gain.
Backing up your 250kW load with an ESS UPS is equivalent to pulling 29 cars off the road.
Low TCO Low TCO –– Leading EfficiencyLeading Efficiency
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How to maximize efficiency with lighter loads in double conversion mode, especially in multi-UPS and redundant system configurations?
Solution #2: Eaton 9395 and its Variable Module Management System» Automatically optimize efficiency at UPM level
• Concentrate the load on certain UPM’s to maximize overall system efficiency
» Only possible thanks to modularity of Eaton 9395 UPS• Not limited to multiple-UPS systems• Achieve even higher optimization thanks to UPM’s modularity
Solution #1: Concentrate load on certain UPS’s to maximize UPS load level and overall system efficiency» Some energy savings
• Limited to multiple-UPS systems (with several UPS in parallel)• Still not optimal
Low TCO Low TCO –– Leading EfficiencyLeading Efficiency
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Example with same load applied to different multi-UPS configurations
Low TCO Low TCO –– Leading EfficiencyLeading Efficiency
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VMMS allows to shift to higher efficiency curves
(according to system’s redundancy requirements)
up to N+0 VMMS
efficiency curve
VMMS
allows to shift to higher efficiency curves
(according to system’s redundancy requirements)
up to N+0 VMMS
efficiency curve
VMMS
allows to shift to higher efficiency curves
(according to system’s redundancy requirements)
up to N+0 VMMS
efficiency curve
9395 UPS Efficiency
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
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27.5 55 110
165
220
275
330
385
440
495
550
605
660
715
770
825
880
935
990
1045
1100
Load kVA
Effic
ienc
y %
Eaton 9395 275kVA UPS
Eaton 9395 550kVA UPS
Eaton 9395 825kVA UPS
Eaton 9395 1100kVA UPS
9395 275kVA9395 550kVA9395 825kVA9395 1100kVA9395 VMMS N+0
Typical Operations Range
Notes:
-
Scaled drawing
-
VMMS and N+0 curves using VMMS default max
UPM % load level @ 80% (*)
9395 550kVA with VMMS and N+0 configuration*9395 825kVA with VMMS and N+0 configuration*9395 1100kVA with VMMS and N+0 configuration*
Low TCO Low TCO –– Leading EfficiencyLeading Efficiency
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Low TCO Low TCO –– 400V Site Design400V Site Design
480V AC» Losses through the UPS, isolation transformer/PDU, and server equipment» End-to-end efficiency of approximately 76%
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Low TCO Low TCO –– 400V Site Design400V Site Design
600V AC» Used primarily in Canada» Can provide small savings in equipment costs, and utilizes lower currents» Requires multiple isolation transformer-based PDUs» End-to-end efficiency of approximately 76%
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Low TCO Low TCO –– 400V Site Design400V Site Design
400V AC» Commonly used throughout the world» PDU isolation transformers eliminated» End-to-end efficiency of approximately 80%
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Options to increase flexibility• Maintenance bypass, PDUs, RPPs, paralleling cabinets, ATS
switches, 9155 & 9355 paralleling cabinets
9155 & 9355 bypass w/receptacle options
BladeUPS & 9355 rack power distribution Rack ATS switches
Power Distribution
RackPDUStatic Switch Remote
Power Panel
Data Center Bus Way
DC Systems
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RealReal--time Information and Controltime Information and Control
• Keeping data centers and facilities online requires real-time information and control capabilities.
• Eaton UPSs offer flexible options to interface with multiple systems and give customers the best control.
Real-time Information and Control
Real-time Information and Control
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Power Xpert and IPM Software
H2O
Compute• Main Frames• Volume Servers• Blade Servers
Storage• SATA Disk• Tape• Blended
Network• Corporate Networks• VoIP• Integrated Blade/Switch
Ice
Pumps
Chiller
Compute
Storage, Network
In-row Power& Cooling
Precision Cooling
DC Power
Low Voltage 600VAC Eqpt
Medium Voltage >600VAC Eqpt
Generator
Parallel or TransferEquipment
UtilitySubstationand Metering
In-Row Power and Cooling• Modular UPS• Rack Mount PDUs• In Row Cooling
• Rear Door Heat Exchanger• Liquid Cooling Racks
Central UPS
Power Distribution UnitsStatic Auto-Tie
CHP Fuel Cell or MicroTurbine
IT and NetworksIT and Networks
Tower
Eaton SoftwareEaton Software
Utility Monitoring
FacilityMonitoring
BusinessProcesses
ITMonitoring
IPM, IPP, IPM, IPP, vCentervCenterPower Power XpertXpert Software, Reporting & ForeseerSoftware, Reporting & Foreseer
CoolingCooling
PowerPower
Raised FloorRaised Floor
Power ManagementPower Management
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Software Offerings
IPM –Intelligent Power Manager
PX –Power Xpert
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Power Xpert Built in User View Templates - Geographical Layout Example
Data Center LIVE Webcam video stream embedded into PXS
Data Center LIVE Webcam video stream embedded into PXS
Events bubble up and change City-label colors accordingly
Events bubble up and change City-label colors accordingly
Local Weather LIVE webpage embedded Local Weather LIVE webpage embedded
http://10.222.50.187/powerxpertsoftware
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Layout Manager - Design the GUI to your liking
The user can choose from a variety of available gauges The user can choose from a variety of available gauges
The Power Xpert Layout Manager provides the user a library of powerful design tools for the creation of custom Human-Machine Interface (HMI) graphical layouts. Objects can be easily animated, various gauges can be selected and custom bitmaps can be imported with little effort. The Layout Manager software module is included with Power Xpert Software as standard!
The user can choose from a variety of available gauges The user can choose from a variety of available gauges
Indicators can appear animated and change color on status changes
Indicators can appear animated and change color on status changes
The user can choose from a variety of available gauges The user can choose from a variety of available gauges
Custom mathematical formulas are supported to create calculations based on multiple variables e.g. PUE, DCiE
Custom mathematical formulas are supported to create calculations based on multiple variables e.g. PUE, DCiE
3rd party devices can be integrated into custom layouts easily.
3rd party devices can be integrated into custom layouts easily.
Custom bitmaps and graphical elements can be easily imported
Custom bitmaps and graphical elements can be easily imported
Custom layouts can be created for any supported devices
Custom layouts can be created for any supported devices
Links to other custom layout web pages can be easily embedded for drilling up or down for more information
Links to other custom layout web pages can be easily embedded for drilling up or down for more information
Review and acknowledge critical and cautionary alarms at-a-glance
Review and acknowledge critical and cautionary alarms at-a-glance
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Trend ViewerTrend Viewer - Understand where things are heading
• High performance, easy to use, Web based trending
• Three ways to interact• Select attributes for a device from the
Grid View• Select attributes from multiple devices
from Trend Viewer page• Can save Trend Groups for easy future
access• Check attribute boxes on a User View
• Trend Display• Chart or Data option
• Mix and match• Multiple trends at one time• Multiple axis supported• Fixed or custom time frames• Export results to Excel
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Monitoring points to understand efficiency
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Summary
• Energy efficiency is peaking in interest• Use this opportunity to push high efficiency platforms
• IT Virtualization is hot• Requires highly reliable power infrastructure• Eaton’s software integration into VM’s is leading edge
• IT budgets are still recovering• Customers are looking for modular “build as you grow”, and some
level of increasing availability without a lot of extra cost
• Complete solutions are preferred• Reductions in staff require simpler to purchase, deploy and manage
solutions, and delivering flexible options means additional $
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