migration and integration (part 1) - october 2016 meeting of the oecd global parliamentary network

RECENT TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND THE INTEGRATION OF REFUGEES

Jean-Christophe Dumont Head of the International Migration Division, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs OECD 12 October 2016

The global picture: Sharp increase of permanent migration flows to OECD countries in 2015 – but refugees are only a part of the picture

Evolution of permanent migration inflows to OECD countries

Distribution of permanent flows to OECD countries by category in 2014

Source International Migration Outlook, (OECD, 2016)

Source: International Migration Outlook (OECD, 2016)

4.1

4.7

4.4

4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0

4.1

4.3

4.8

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (e)

Millions

Work 14% Acc. family of

workers 7%

Family 33%

Humanitarian 9%

Other 5%

Free movement

32%

Permanent migration as a share of population ranges from 4 to 40 per thousand

Permanent migration to OECD countries by category as a percentage of the population, 2014

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0% Work Family Free movement Other 3.6

Source International Migration Outlook, (OECD, 2016)

• Permanent migration from third countries to the EU is comparable to that of the US

Temporary (labour) migration is increasing fast as well

Temporary labour migration flows, 2014

Source International Migration Outlook, (OECD, 2016)

Thousands (2014)

Evolution % (2013-2014)

No countries included

Seasonal workers 643 +27% 16

Intra-corporate transfers 141 +17% 10

Posted workers 1 436 +9% 24

Trainees 127 +17% 8

Working holiday makers 483 +5% 10

An unfolding humanitarian crisis …

An unprecedented number of asylum applications in 2015

Evolution of the number of new asylum seekers, 1980-2016

Source: UNHCR, Eurostat, OECD calculations.

0

500

1 000

1 500

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Thou

san

ds

OECD EU

0

500

1 000

2016 Jan-Jun

• Germany is the main receiving country for asylum seekers in absolute terms (440k applications registered in 2015 but 900 thousand pre-registrations) but Sweden is number one in relative terms (1.6% of the population)

• 4.8 million refugees in neighbouring countries of Syria including 2.7 million in Turkey, 1 million in Lebanon and 640k in Jordan at the end of 2015.

2016: continuing but decreasing entries

Source: UNHCR (9/10/2016)

Assessing, activating and developing refugee’ skills

How are refugee faring on the EU labour market ?

Source: EU-OECD (2016), How are refugees faring on the labour market in Europe? A first evaluation based on the 2014 EU labour force survey ad hoc module, DG EMPL Working Paper 1/2016.

Employment and unemployment rate by immigrant categories and gender European OECD countries, 2014

Labour market integration of refugees takes time => early intervention & access

Employment rate by immigrant categories and duration of stay European OECD countries, 2014

Source : EU-OECD (2016), How are refugees faring on the labour market in Europe? A first evaluation based on the 2014 EU labour force survey ad hoc module, DG EMPL Working Paper 1/2016.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

0 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 19 20+

Years of residence

Employment

Family

Refugees

Study

Low educated refugees are lagging behind => targeted support, alternative assessment and upskilling

Source: EU-OECD (2016), How are refugees faring on the labour market in Europe? A first evaluation based on the 2014 EU labour force survey ad hoc module, DG EMPL Working Paper 1/2016.

Employment population ratio of refugees and accompanying family by duration of residence and education, 2014, Cohort arriving in 2000

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Low (ISCED 0-2) Medium (ISCED 3-4) High (ISCED 5+)

Language skill proficiency is key => modular language training combined with work exp.

Source: EU-OECD (2016), How are refugees faring on the labour market in Europe? A first evaluation based on the 2014 EU labour force survey ad hoc module, DG EMPL Working Paper 1/2016.

Employment rate of refugees by host-country language proficiency level in the EU 15-64 yo, 2014

27%

59%

67%

59%

Native-born, 65%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Beginner or lessskills

Intermediate Advanced Language ismother tounge

Emp

loym

ent

rate

(%

)

How can OECD help ?

OECD responses and support

• Learning from the past and from good practices : making integration work for refugees and their children

• Engaging with employers

• Improving multilevel governance and local integration

• Adressing the migration backlash

• Anticipating future developments and upcoming challenges (e.g. returning rejected asylum seekers)

For further information: www.oecd.org/migration

jean-christophe.dumont@oecd.org

15/11

Thank you for your attention