midyis reading test: assessment of phonological & phonic abilities bernardine king
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MidYIS Reading Test:MidYIS Reading Test:Assessment of Phonological & Assessment of Phonological &
Phonic AbilitiesPhonic Abilities
Bernardine King
SummarySummary
1. Dyslexia – what is it?
2. Theoretical rationale behind the test sections.
3. What will the results look like?
4. Limitations of test – what can it be used for?
Purpose of TestPurpose of Test Part of a new reading test for
MidYIS intended to assess various levels of literacy ability:
Phonological & phonic skills. Providing information useful in deciding who may need specialist assessment for dyslexia, etc.
Vocabulary – picture and sound.Comprehension - component skills, e.g.
inference making.
Rose Report, June 2009Rose Report, June 2009
What is Dyslexia?
The review’s working definition:
1. A learning difficulty that primarily affects the skills involved in accurate
and fluent word reading and spelling.
What is Dyslexia?What is Dyslexia?
2. Characteristic difficulties in:phonological awareness verbal memory verbal processing speed.
What is Dyslexia?What is Dyslexia?
3. Occurs across the range of intellectual abilities.
4. A continuum, not a distinct category.
5. No clear cut-off points.
Pre-alphabetic
Partial alphabetic
Full alphabetic
ConsolidatedIncreasing alphabetic skill
Ehri’s phases of ReadingDevelopment
eg m in mcDonalds
Letter-sound links:
exception spellingsAll links including
All regular spellings
Some = ‘partial’
None, iconic reading:
•Letter confusions, b/d, p/q/
•Nonword reading problems:
‘pib’ ‘dalop’
•Salient letters of words attended to, eg 1st & last letters
Partial Alphabetic Phase
Rationale Behind the Test Rationale Behind the Test SectionsSections
Test phonological and phonic skills.Phonology- word sounds.Phonological processing deficit in
dyslexia.Phonic problems – relating graphemes
(letters & letter groups) to the corresponding sounds (phonemes).
Tests of Phonology- Made-up word (nonword) reading,
adaptive test.‘Sounds’ test – identifying sounds
in words.Phonological Short Term Memory-
forward & backward digit span.
PhonicsPhonicsNonword reading- relating graphemes
to phonemes.‘Sounds’- sounds to letters, as in
spelling.Pseudohomophone test- made-up
words (pseudowords) that sound like real words, e.g. phocks = fox. Also, test of phonology.
Pseudohomophone TestPseudohomophone Test Pseudo = made-up word Homophone = sounds like Requires many visual and auditory skills:
e.g. reading ‘phocks’
grapheme separation: ‘ph’ ‘o’ ‘ck’ ‘s’
grapheme-phoneme conversion:
‘ph’> /f/ ‘o’> /o/ ‘ck’ > /k/ ‘s’> /s/
Phoneme blending:
/f/ /o/ /k/ /s/
Then..
Pseudohomophone Test cont.Pseudohomophone Test cont.
Match sound package of blended phonemes with items in known sound vocabulary.
/f/ + /o/ + /k/ + /s/ = ‘fox’
Added difficulty – word search format.
Visual search problems in dyslexia.
Choose 5 out of 16 on each of 5 screens.
GuessingGuessing
Nonword reading: 1 in 4 chance. Forced choice multiple choice.
‘Sounds’: 1 in 4 chance. Forced choice multiple choice.
Word Search (pseudohomophones): 5 in 16 chance. Can move on without answering.
MemoryMemory
Problems with phonological STM common in dyslexia. Order problems- e.g. telephone numbers.
Backward digit span –measure of working memory.
Short backward digit span often found in dyslexia.
Design of Sub TestsDesign of Sub Tests
‘Nonword reading’ and ‘Sounds’ – adaptive, to:
match difficulty of items to student ability;
Reduce assessment load and time.
‘Lyrebird’ Test – an adaptation of a spoken digit span test for computer.
Lack of visual distraction- black screen with fixation spot.
Response entered on screen.Max number of digits = 8, to reduce
assessment load and time.
Design of Sub TestsDesign of Sub Tests
Uses & Limitations of the TestUses & Limitations of the TestAudit of phonological abilities of a
cohort.Shows strengths & weaknesses.Does not diagnose dyslexia.Cannot identify ‘recovered’ dyslexic
readers.Unlikely to identify visual / surface
dyslexia.Shows marked phonological / phonic
difficulties.
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