midterm review u.s. history & gov’t

MIDTERM REVIEW

Early Colonial Settlement

O Early forms of representative democracy

Declaration of Independence

O Thomas JeffersonO John LockeO Natural rightsO People by the peopleO People should change or abolish the

governmentO Common Sense

Weakness of A. of C.O Weak central gov’tO States had more powerO No presidentO Each state made their own moneyO 9/13 to pass any lawO All 13 to change the Articles

Great Compromise O Representation base on populationO Equal representationO Bicameral

O House of Reps – based on populationO Senate – Equal representation (2 per

state)

3/5 CompromiseO Slaves to count for representationO Slaves not countedO Slaves will count for

O Taxation O Representation

RatificationO 9 out of 13

FederalismO Division of power between the state

and federal governmentO Delegated – federal gov’t powersO Reserved – State gov’t powersO Concurrent – Powers they share

Legislative BranchO Makes O House of Representatives & SenateO Impeach the PresidentO Declare WarO Controls gov’t spending

Executive BranchO Enforces/carries outO Commander in ChiefO Chief of gov’tO Pardons peopleO Gives State of Union addressO Makes treatiesO Appoints judges, etc

Electoral CollegeO Formal election of the PresidentO Can win popular vote and lose

electionO Candidates campaign in populated

states

Judicial BranchO Determining if a law is constitutional

or notO Marbury v. MadisonO LifeO So they are free from political

pressure

Checks & BalancesO So one branch doesn’t get too much

powerO VetoO ImpeachO Override vetoO Judicial ReviewO President nominates judges &

ambassadors

Unwritten ConstitutionO Judicial reviewO Political PartiesO CabinetO LobbyistO Political Action Committees

FlexibilityO The first 10 AmendmentsO ¾O “Elastic Clause” – Congress can

make laws to meet the needs of a changing society

O Constitution is the supreme law of the land

O McCulloch v. Maryland

WashingtonO Cabinet, two-term traditionO Political parties would divide countryO Entangling alliances

Federalists v. Anti-federalists

O FederalistsO Strong federal gov’tO IndustryO For England

O Anti-federalistsO Strong state gov’tO For FranceO Agriculture

IsolationismO Stay out of foreign affairs

JeffersonO Louisiana Purchase

O France for 15 millionO New OrleansO Doubled

O Following the Constitution word for word

O Not following the Constitution word for word

O As a strict constructionist, Jefferson should have argued against the purchase; used his treaty making powers

War of 1812O ImpressmentO Short term rise in nationalismO U.S. survived a major war on their

own

MonroeO Time of peace and prosperity after

the War of 1812O No new European colonies in the

Western Hemisphere

JacksonO They got rid of the land requirement

to voteO Giving gov’t jobs to friends, family

and political supporters

Indian RemovalO Worcester v. Georgia

O Indians won case because they had a treaty with the federal government

O Jackson disregards decision and removes them

O Trail of Tears – forceful removal of Cherokee west of the Mississippi River

Tariff IssuesO Tariff of Abominations – 40% taxO South hated itO Forces people to buy American

goodsO Protects American businesses

BankO Got rid of national bankO Put gov’t money into state banks

(pet banks)

Reforms - AbolitionO Movement to end slavery

O Frederick DouglassO William Lloyd GarrisonO Harriet TubmanO Harriet Beecher Stowe

Reforms - InventionsO 1st Industrial Revolution

O John DeereO Steamboat, & Steam locomotiveO Canal development

Reforms - ReligiousO Second Great Awakening

Reforms - EducationO Horace Mann

O Elimination of one room school houses

O Grade levelsO Teacher training

Reforms – Mentally IllO Dorothea Dix

O Helped reform prisons and mental institutions

O Educated people about mentally ill

Manifest DestinyO God given right to expand sea to

shining sea

1. Independent from England2. War in revolutionary war w/England3. Bought from France for $15 million4. Won in war; Treaty of Guadalupe-

Hildalgo5. Bought from Mexico for railroad6. From Spain in Adams – Onis Treaty

Missouri CompromiseO Missouri enters as a slave stateO Maine enters as a free stateO 36o30’ line is established

Six Causes of the WarO Compromise of 1850O Kansas – Nebraska Act (Bleeding

Kansas)O Dred Scott CaseO Uncle Tom’s CabinO John Brown’s RaidO Election of Lincoln

O Election of LincolnO Preserve the UnionO GettysburgO DraftO Habeas corpus