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What we have become TODAY
By Bayron Guajardo
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New HorizonsNew HorizonsHomo sapiens dominated Earth over all the species(250,000 years ago)
From Africa to the rest of the World (Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas)
We all came from one single man
Homo sapiens dominated Earth over all the species(250,000 years ago)
From Africa to the rest of the World (Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas)
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Neanderthal VS Homo sapiens soloensisfather???
Life before Agricultural Revolution
Life before Agricultural Revolution
GatheringHuntingSmall communities Simple lifeClimate complications
GatheringHuntingSmall communities Simple lifeClimate complications
“They live in a Tranquility which is not disturb’d by the Inequality of Conditions: The Earth and sea of their own accord furnishes them with all thing necessary for life, they covet not Magnificient houses, Household-stuff…. In short they seem’d to set no value upon any thing we gave them…. They thinkthemselves provided with all the necesarys of Life”Captain James Cook, 1770
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The Long Road to the Global Presence of Humankind
The Long Road to the Global Presence of Humankind
(all date approximate) YEARS AGO
Earliest bipedal hominids 7 million to 6 million
Homo habilis (early use of stone tools) 2.5 million
Homo erectus (first controlled use of fire and first hominid migrations out of Africa)
1.9 million to 200,000
Earliest Homo sapiens in Africa 250,000
Beginnings of human migration out of Africa 100,000
Human entry into eastern Asia 70,000
Human entry into Australia (first use of boats) 60,000 - 40,000
Human entry into Europe 40,000
Extinction of large mammals in Australia 30,000
Human entry into the Americas 30,000 - 15,000
Cave art in Europe 25,000
Extinction of Neanderthals 25,000
End of last Ice Age (global warming) 16,000 - 10,000
Earliest agricultural revolutions 12,000 - 10,000
Extinction of large mammals in North America 11,000
Austronesian migration to Pacific Islands and Madagascar 3,500 - 11,000
Human entry into New Zealand (last major region to receive human settlers)
1,000
Agricultural Revolution
Agricultural Revolution “The deliberate cultivation of
particular plants as well as the taming and breeding of particular animals”. (Strayer 36)
Fertile Crescent or Southwest Asia (first are to experience a full Agricultural Revolution)
Spread of Agricultural habit to the globe by Diffusion and colonization
“The deliberate cultivation of particular plants as well as the taming and breeding of particular animals”. (Strayer 36)
Fertile Crescent or Southwest Asia (first are to experience a full Agricultural Revolution)
Spread of Agricultural habit to the globe by Diffusion and colonization
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Repercussion of the Revolution
Repercussion of the RevolutionExponential increase of population
Agricultural BreakthroughsSelective diet made the difference of the power of societies
Exponential increase of populationAgricultural BreakthroughsSelective diet made the difference of the power of societies“Furthermore, of the world’s 200,000 plant species, only several hundred have been
domesticated, and just five of these – wheat, corn, rice, barley, and sorghum – supply
more than half of the calories that sustain human life. Only fourteen species of large
mammals have been successfully domesticated, of which sheep, pigs, goats, cattle, and
horses have been the most important.” (Strayer 39)
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Agricultural BreakthroughsAgricultural
BreakthroughsLocation Dates
(B.C.E.)Plants Animals
Southwest Asia (Fertile Crescent)
9,000 - 7,000
Barley, wheat, lentils, figs
Goats, sheep, cattle, pigs
China 6,500 - 5,000
Rice, millet, yams, teff
Pigs, chickens, water buffalo
Saharan and sub-Saharan Africa
3,000 - 2,000
Sorghum, millet, yams, teff
Cattle (perhaps 8,000 B.C.E.)
Highland New Guinea
7,000 - 4,000
Taro, bananas, yams, sugarcane
Andres region 3,000 - 2,000
Potatoes, quinoa, manioc
Llamas, alpaca, guinea pig
Mesoamerica 3,000 - 2,000
Maize, squash (perhaps 7,000 B.C.E.), beans
Turkey
Eastern woodlands of North America
2,000 - 1,000
Sunflower, goosefoot, sumpweed
CivilizationsCivilizations Highly complex societies
Based in bustling cities and governed by powerful states
City as the heart of the community
First Civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Pakistan and northern India, China, Peru, and Mexico (TIMELINE)
Highly complex societies
Based in bustling cities and governed by powerful states
City as the heart of the community
First Civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Pakistan and northern India, China, Peru, and Mexico (TIMELINE)
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Legacy of Old CivilizationsLegacy of Old Civilizations Positive legacy:
Inspiring art Profound reflections on the meaning of life
Innovations in technology
Knowledge about nature and how to control it
Art of writing Negative legacy:
Massive inequalities State oppression Slavery Large-scale warfare Subordination of women Epidemic diseases
Positive legacy: Inspiring art Profound reflections on the meaning of life
Innovations in technology
Knowledge about nature and how to control it
Art of writing Negative legacy:
Massive inequalities State oppression Slavery Large-scale warfare Subordination of women Epidemic diseases
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