microwave-photonic devices and biosensors based on ...€¦ · tunable phase shifter based on...
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MICROWAVE-PHOTONIC DEVICES AND BIOSENSORS BASED ON GRAPHENE NANO PLATELETSStefano Bellucci, PhD, Habil. Prof., First Researcher, Head of NEXT Group
NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP, MINSK 4-8 JUNE 2018
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e-mail: bellucci@lnf.infn.it
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The National Institute of Nuclear Physics ( INFN - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) is an organization for research in
nuclear physics. There are different divisions in Italy. The Frascati National Laboratories ( LNF ) is the largest and one of the most important ones. The research here is primarly concentrated on particle physics.
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Carbon nanotubes synthesis
Graphene synthesis
FieldEmission
(Nanoco-mposites
Intercon-nects
Toxicology& Drug
delivery
(Bio)
sensors
Structural & Transport
Modelling & simulation
Microscopy
SEM / AFM
Raman/FTIR
AC
TIV
ITY
360
°O
N
NA
NO
TEC
HN
OLO
GY
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Synthesis
20x
53x
310x
15.000x
150.000x
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Hot Filament
CVD Termica
Gas Idrocarbon (HC)
CH4 – Methane
C2H2 - Acetylene
Synthesis
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Graphene growth in Chemical Vapor Deposition
On common Cu slab, with acetylene
2h annealing with H2
1h growth time2D FWHM Γ2D=32,3 cm
-1
Nanodomains (hundreds nm,
presence of D and D’ bands)
I2D/IG= 3.7
Before After
Synthesis
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Graphene
7
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▪ the induced charge density n (p) depends on the electro-chemical
potential
▪ this is related to the external electric field (voltage)
Tunable Electrical doping – ambipolar transport
0gV =
e-h+
0gV
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Growing Interest of using graphene:
Graphene Applications
Electromagnetic Shielding
Radar Absorbing Material (RAM)
Antennas Design
Space applications
Novel Electronic Circuitry
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Synthesis
Graphene nanoplatelets exfoliated by microwaves
Mechanism of reaction
2D band evolutionLow defects= absence of
D band
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Electronics
The GNP patch was deposited in two configuration, first in the gap of a microstrip line and
secondly, as a novel enhanced design, two graphene patches located between the main
microstrip line and two metal vias. The results show for the first configuration a wide band
functionality from DC to 20 GHz, with a tunability of 7 dB and minimum insertion loss of 5
dB, and for the second an operation in a frequency band of DC to 5 GHz, with 14 dB
tunability and minimum insertion loss of 0.3 dB.
GNP thin film was used for a
tunable attenuator device.
Enhanced Tunable Microstrip Attenuator based on Few Layer Graphene Flakes.
M. Yasir, S. Bistarelli, A. Cataldo, M. Bozzi, L. Perregrini, and S. Bellucci,
IEEE Microwave and Wireless Component Letters (2017)
Higher dissipative
attenuation
bellucci@lnf.infn.it
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Electronics
A Planar Antenna with Voltage-Controlled Frequency Tuning Based on Few-Layer Graphene
Muhammad Yasir, Muhammad Yasir, Patrizia Savi, Silvia Bistarelli, Antonino Cataldo,
Maurizio Bozzi, Stefano Bellucci, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 2017
GNP thin film was used for
a tunable patch antenna
• Change in the radiating
frequency of the antenna.
• Almost 500 MHz of shift in
resonant frequency at 5GHz.
bellucci@lnf.infn.it
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Tunable phase shifter based on few-layer graphene flakes
Muhammad Yasir, Silvia Bistarelli, Antonino Cataldo, Maurizio Bozzi, Luca Perregrini, Stefano Bellucci
IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2018
GNP thin film was used for
a phase shifterElectronics
Graphee
SchottkeyHfO2 This work
Insertion Loss (dB)
5-10 14-6 3-6
Frequency band (GHz)
40-65 1-10 5-6
Phase (deg)20 30 35-43
Higher phase shiftThe phase variation is approx. 40 degrees, in the band from 1 to 5 GHz, with an additional insertion loss of approx. 3 dB
Aim: Maximum variation of the
imaginary part of the input impedance (versus the range of graphene
resistance). Large and constant real part of the input impedance.
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Electronics
Efficient and versatile graphene-based multilayers for EM field absorption
D Mencarelli, L Pierantoni, M Stocchi, S Bellucci, Applied Physics Letters 109,
093103, 2016
We thoroughly investigated the possibility to absorb most (i.e., up to
more than 90%) of the incident electro-magnetic radiations in thin
multilayered PMMA/graphene structures, thus proposing the technical
realization of a device with an operational frequency range in the
millimeter-wave domain, i.e., 30 GHz–300 GHz.
Our simulations demonstrate the concrete possibility to enhance the
field absorption by means of a selective removal and proper micro-
patterning within the graphene material, enabling a complete and
efficient control of the graphene sheet conductance.
Strong absorption improvement with tapered hole pattern
Learning by Using Graphene Multilayers: An Educational App for
Analyzing the Electromagnetic Absorption of a Graphene Multilayer
Based on a Network Model
M. Baldelli, L. Pierantoni, S. Bellucci, IEEE Microwave Magazine, Vol. 17,
Issue 1, 2016
A new app for the electromagnetic absorption of a multilayer
composite material based on graphene
bellucci@lnf.infn.it
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Development of Biosensors using Carbon Nanotubes
2014-2017
The main goal of the Project was creation of a reliable, sensitive, selective and noise protected prototype of a DNA biosensor. The main objectives
of the project were:
i) To create a prototype of one of the technologically state-of-the-art
and most effective electrochemical DNA – biosensors.
ii) To investigate and to compare thermodynamics and kinetics of DNA
and RNA hybridization both in the bulk and when immobilized on the
surface of a substrate, e.g. an electrode
iii) To synthesize polymer – CNT nanocomposites as suitable candidates
for biosensor electrodes.iv) To investigate sensitivity, selectivity and “noise immunity” of DNA-
sensors, using a polymer – CNT substrate and agents for the registration of
hybridization
v) To develop measuring methods for the registration of the changes in biosensors properties stimulated by DNA hybridization or other processes.
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BIOSENSORS: DNA CHIP
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DNA CHIP: APPLICATIONS
⚫ Medical diagnostics
⚫ Biological weapons defense
⚫ Environmental pollutants monitoring
⚫ Etc.
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Thinky mixer: the high amount of filler, increases dramatically the viscosity of the resin. In these
conditions, the Thinky planetary movement worked efficiently and dispersed nanoparticles in the resin.
We deposited a droplet of nanocomposite, to cover completely the surface of working electrode.
The so-modified screen-printed electrodes, were tested with galvanostat/potentiostat Palmsens .
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Sensing
Electrochemical sensing using composite
coatings based on carbon nanostructures
Ciclic Voltammetry and SEM images of nanocomposite Epoxy-CNT 10%
CV and –SEM images of nanocomposite Epoxy-CNT-NH2 10%
CV and SEM images of nanocomposite Epoxy-GNP 10% SPE modified with Epoxy-CNT-NH210% and Epoxy-CNT-NH2 10% most
sensitive than SPE unmodified
Modification of screen
printed electrodes (SPE)
with nanocomposite
materials
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Nanocomposite based photonic crystal sensors of biological and chemical agents
2018-2021
NEXT group @INFN Frascati, in collaboration with the National Academy of
Science of Kiev and the Lviv Polytechnic in Ukraine and with the Fraunhofer
Institute of Potsdam-Golm in Germany, proposed developing cheap, yet
effective photonic crystal (PC) structures, formed by a periodic distribution of
nanoparticles (NP) in polymer matrix for PC powered sensor applications and
fluorescent and Raman spectroscopy, for highly sensitive detection of chemical and biological agents. The volume PC structures will be fabricated
using holographic method in original photopolymer nanocomposites
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 1– White light diffraction by polymer gratings–Ag NP (a), LaPO4 NP (b), TiO2 NP (c)
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Nanocomposite based photonic crystal sensors of biological and chemical agents
2018-2021
The project suggests a new approach based on the deposition of
special recognition layers, such as graphene nano-flakes and rare
earth oxides, on the PC surface to detect the various agents
chemically related to the recognition layer. Unlike resonant textured structures which are widely used nowadays – we propose
using PC resonant structures for waveguides with periodic
modulation of the permittivity.
PC structures are formed by diffusion redistribution of the NP, such as graphene nano-flakes, in the polymer matrix during exposure to
an interference pattern. The periodic structure and its thickness, as
well as the refractive index of the material can be varied in such a
way that the structure can support guided-mode resonances at
designated wavelength region.
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Nanocomposite based photonic crystal sensors of biological and chemical agents
2018-2021
It aims at building prototypes of PC structures, designed for fast,
non-destructive detection of very small amounts (of the order of
100 femtograms, down to even single molecules) of biological and
chemical toxins and to monitor with high-sensitivity environmental pollution caused by biological and chemical agents.
The main steps:
(i) theoretical analysis and design;
(ii) fabrication and characterization of label-free sensors; (iii) functionalization of PC structures with graphene nanoflakes,
(iv) testing of enhancement effects in fluorescent and Raman
spectroscopy.
The project realization will promote emerging nanotechnologies for early detection of environmental contamination
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Thanks for your attention
QUESTIONS ?
bellucci@lnf.infn.it
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