methane hydrate final

PREPARED BY:-

AKSHITA SAXENAANUSHA SRIVASTAVA

S.MEGHANARISHIKA

SUPRIYA KACHHAP

INTRODUCTIONSTRUCTURECLASSIFICATION OF METHANE HYDRATESSOURCES AND RESERVES IN INDIAEXTRACTIONCHALLENGES FACEDPOTENTIAL IN FUTURE APPLICATIONSREFERENCES

CONTENTS

What is methane hydrate molecule?When gas molecules are trapped in a lattice of water molecules at temperature above zero degree celsius and pressures above 1 atmosphere, they can form stable solid. These solids are methane hydrates.Sources of methane hydrate :- Methane exist in the sea floor and arctic permafrost.Uses:-Methane hydrate is frozen natural gas and it is currently estimated that there are far more energy trapped in methane hydrate deposit than in all known reserves of oil , gas and coal .

INTRODUCTION

Forms a structure of hydrate with two dodecahedral[12 vertices, thus 12 water molecules] and 6 tetra--decahedral[14 water molecules] water cages per unit cellA crystalline solid which consist of methane molecule surrounded by a cage of water molecules.

STRUCTURE

Stabilised by the gas molecule with the cage of water molecules.

Formula:- [4CH4.23H2O] OR (CH4)8(H2O)46

Class 1:- Hydrate-bearing layer +underlying 2- phase layer of mobile gas and waterThis type of hydrate is considered as the most promising layer.

Class 2:-Hydrate bearing layer + free waterPressure depletion is small comparatively

Class 3:-Absence of an underlying zone of mobile fluidsThe whole hydrate-bearing layer is in P-T balance stability region. Therefore, the gas production layer is slow during the exploitation process.

CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRATES

RESERVES IN INDIA & INITIATIVES TAKEN BY THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT

RESERVES FOUNDGlobal reserves : 2,800 trillion -8billion trillion cu mIn India:1,890 trillion cu m Found in :Kerala –Konkan,Krishna-Godvari and Mahanadi basins .Also the seas off the Andman Islands.Krishna-Godavari being among the largest and Andamans among the deepest (600m below sea floor),while Mahanadi basin being a fully developed system

CURRENT PLANS ON GAS HYDRATESNational Gas Hydrate Programme (NGHP): For exploration and development of gas hydrates resources of the country NGHP MoU with USDOE (United States Department Of Energy ): To facilitate NGHP and USDOE scientists in data collection ,analysis and identification of sites for pilot production testing .National Institute of Oceanography(NIO) and Japan Agency for Marine –Earth and Science Technology will be carrying out a joint survey using a Japanese drilling machine.Geological Survey of India (GSI) and NIO : to locate gas hydrate reserves off the East –Coast.Ministry Of Earth Sciences (MoES) has received an allowance of Rupees 1179 crore for research work including research on gas hydrates.Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy :provides uniform license for exploration and production of all forms of conventional as well as unconventional oil and gas resources including gas hydrates

EXTRACTIONThere are different methods of extraction of methane hydrate :-1. Depressurization methodhydrate dissociates with pressureProcess is endothermic, absorbing energy and reducing reservoir temperature; process requires heat flow into reservoir from surrounding rock

2. Heat injection method Hydrate dissociates with

temperature Net energy balance in the

closed system and in a high quality hydrate reservoir is positive

3. Inhibitor injection methodInhibits lower hydrate formation temperature and dissociates hydrates on contacted surfaces.

There are problems with present day techniques to extract it :-

Thermal injection:-Unavoidable heat losses due to host rock , economical infeasibility

Depressurization:- endothermic nature causing decrease in reservoir temperature.

CHALLENGES FACED

Inhibitors:- methanol and ethylene glycol are expensive chemicals

Drilling for recovery of methane from the hydrate is a challenging task because of the characteristics of the hydrates especially, its unstable nature with change in pressure, temperature conditions.

METHANE HYDRATE

POTENTIALHIGHLY CONCENTRATED METHANE PRODUCED1 UNIT OF GAS HYDRATES GIVE ABOUT 160 UNIT VOL OF METHANE1 UNIT OFMETHANE IN GAS HYDRATES GIVE ABOUT 1X104 GIGATONS OF CARBON

POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION

APPLICATIONS

FILLS THE OPEN PORES OF A SEDIMENT PLAYS VITAL ROLE IN CONTROLLING

LONG TERM GLOBAL CHANGE USED IN POWER GENERATOR UREA FERTILIZER PRODUCTION ROOM HEATING & COOKING

Wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathrateJapantimes.co.jp/news/2014/12/25/business/economy-business/methane-hydrate-extracted-sea-japanmh21japan.gr.jp/english/mh21-1/3-2/

REFERENCES

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