mechanical systems-1

Technology in ArchitectureTechnology in ArchitectureLecture 10

Mechanical Systems

Mechanical SystemsMechanical Systems

Mechanical SystemsMechanical SystemsOrganize the Information Rank the energy use Design the building envelope/

Define the thermal zones Verify code compliance Define the HVAC system

requirements Select the system(s) Locate primary equipment Locate secondary equipment Locate distribution outlets Locate distribution paths

Architect

Engineer

Architect/Engineer/

Other Trades

Ranking the Energy UseRanking the Energy UseVerify daylight/sunshine availabilityVerify costs of energyVerify programmatic uses of energy

(HVAC, Lighting, DHW, Process)Verify cost incentive opportunities

Design the Building Design the Building EnvelopeEnvelope

Evaluate passive thermal opportunities

Confirm material availability

Define tectonics

Select fenestration and shading systems

Jewett Art Center, Paul Rudolph

Design the Thermal ZonesDesign the Thermal ZonesRecognize passive solar opportunities and constraints

Design the Thermal ZonesDesign the Thermal ZonesOrganize program to recognize Function Schedule Orientation Building Form Building Envelope Support Systems

Thermal Zones—Functions Thermal Zones—Functions Organize program to recognize: Space usage and occupancy needs Temperature/humidity requirements Thermal inter-relationships

Thermal Zones—Schedule Thermal Zones—Schedule Organize program to accommodate diverse schedules Time of day for compatible uses Interaction/noninteraction of uses

Thermal Zones — Thermal Zones — Orientation Orientation

Organize program to use orientation to enhance opportunities for: Direct sun Daylight Microclimates

Banff Aquatic Center, Alberta, CN

Thermal Zones — Building Thermal Zones — Building FormForm

Organize program to reflect building form Load dominance Self-shading

Price Tower, Frank Lloyd Wright

Thermal Zones — Thermal Zones — Building EnvelopeBuilding Envelope

Organize program to recognize opportunities for: Single skin Double skin

Thermal Zones—Support Thermal Zones—Support SystemsSystems

Organize program to recognize support systems effects: Centralized vs.

decentralized Distribution paths Raised floor/ceiling

plenum Controls S: p. 433, F.10.48

Support Systems — Controls Support Systems — Controls Control systems: Thermostats Building automation systems

Controls — Thermostats Controls — Thermostats Thermostats: Do not locate on exterior wall Do not locate in direct sun Do not locate in direct path of HVAC

discharge Do not include portions of separate rooms

Locate in the zone it controls Locate in return air ducts

Controls—Automated Controls—Automated Building automation systems User access to override features Centralized control station vs individual

control

S: p. 430, F.10.45

Verify Code ComplianceVerify Code ComplianceASHRAE 90.1—Energy Code for Nonresidential Buildings

ASHRAE 90.2—Energy Code for Residential Buildings

ASHRAE 62-2001—Ventilation Code

Define HVAC System Define HVAC System RequirementsRequirements

Space conditions for temperature & humidity

Condition ranges & tolerances

Summer & Winter design conditions

Select SystemsSelect SystemsBased on: Performance capabilities Space psychrometric

criteria Construction cost Operating Cost

Solar Heliostats

Solar Power(ful)

Locate Primary EquipmentLocate Primary EquipmentPrimary equipment uses raw energy to generate heating and cooling media (chilled water, hot water, or steam) Boilers Chillers Cooling Towers Accessory equipment (pumps, tanks, etc) Thermal storage systems

Locate Primary EquipmentLocate Primary EquipmentLocation factors Service access at

grade or below grade with truck dock

Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security Future expansion

of mechanical plant

LNCO Mechanical Room (during construction)

Locate Primary EquipmentLocate Primary EquipmentLocation factors Service access at grade or

below grade with truck dock Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security Future expansion of

mechanical plant

S: p. 380, F.10.2a

Locate Secondary Locate Secondary EquipmentEquipment

Secondary equipment uses generated media to distribute conditioned air or water to individual thermal zones Air handling units (with

coils) Heat exchangers Accessory equipment

Marriott Library Fan Room

Locate Secondary Locate Secondary EquipmentEquipment

Location factors Adjacent to/within zone

served Service access Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security

S: p. 380, F10.2

Locate Secondary Locate Secondary EquipmentEquipment

Location factors Adjacent to/within zone

served Service access Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security

S: p. 380, F.10.2a

Locate Secondary Locate Secondary EquipmentEquipment

Location factors Adjacent to/within zone

served Service access Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security

S: p. 380, F.10.2b

Locate Secondary Locate Secondary EquipmentEquipment

Location factors Adjacent to/within zone

served Service access Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security

S: p. 380, F.10.2c

Locate Secondary Locate Secondary EquipmentEquipment

Location factors Adjacent to/within zone

served Service access Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security

S: p. 380, F.10.2d

Locate Secondary Locate Secondary EquipmentEquipment

Location factors Adjacent to/within zone

served Service access Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security

Locate Distribution OutletsLocate Distribution OutletsDistribution occurs via: Air diffusers/

registers Perimeter

radiation Panel radiation

(floor or ceiling)

LNCO Dean’s Office Ceiling Space

Locate Distribution PathsLocate Distribution PathsConnect distribution outlets to secondary equipment

LNCO Fan Room

Locate Distribution PathsLocate Distribution PathsDuctwork and piping can be located in vertically aligned chases or in ceiling space over corridors

Architect is responsible for locating access panels where needed

G. H. Schettler House

Locate Distribution PathsLocate Distribution PathsConnect secondary equipment to primary equipment

Use vertical and horizontal zoning to coordinate trades

Locate Distribution PathsLocate Distribution PathsCoordinate all trades for service access and space allocations

Equipment and access panels should be located away from occupied space when possible

LNCO System Distribution Coordination

Distribution Distribution PathsPaths

Interstitial floors for mechanical-electrical systems may be used to eliminate service/ user interaction

UM Hospital Campus