manifest destiny and westward expansion 1776-1853 · manifest destiny and westward expansion...

•Label the different territories that

became part of America.

•Be sure to indicate the previous owner

of the territory and the year that it was

added to the United States

Manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion 1776-1853

13

Original

States

1776

Post Rev

War Cession

From G.B.

1783

LA Purchase

From France

1803

Texas Annexation

From Mexico

1845

CA and SW Territory

Mexican War Cession

1848

Gadsen Purchase

from Mexico 1853 Florida

Cession

From Spain

1819

1. The issue of

slavery

and Westward

Expansion

Issues Related to western

expansion in the united states

The Problem to Solve…

Status Quo: 11 Slave States and 11 Free States

Problem: With America poised to grow, what should the American policy be regarding the entry of new states and the issue of slavery?

Question: Should America allow new states and territories to practice Slavery or not allow slavery in any new states or territories?

The Problem Solvers = The U.S. Congress

Senate = 2 representatives from each state

House of Representatives = based on state population

The Reality: Slave states had more representatives

What to Do…What to Do?

In 1820

Missouri applies

for Statehood

and wants to

join the U.S. as

a Slave State

Congress

doesn’t want to

create an

imbalance

between slave

and free states

Solution: The Missouri Compromise

1. Maine to enter as a free state

2. Missouri to enter as a slave state

3. No slavery north of 36° 30`

latitude

Interactive map of

Missouri Compromise

• http://www.teachingamerica

nhistory.org/neh/interactive

s/sectionalism/lesson1/

The Legacy of the Missouri

Compromise: 1820-1850

Ultimately, the Compromise was a

temporary solution to the question

of slavery and territorial rights.

Soon after, America turned its

attention to internal issues such as

Indian Removal, Prairie

Settlements, and Industrialism

In the late 1840’s the issue of Slavery

and the validity of the Missouri

Compromise gets revisited as

America goes through another

period of expansion after

significant amount of land is

acquired from Mexico

2. The Indian

Problem

and Westward

Expansion

Issues Related to western

expansion in the united states

Population: A Tale of Two Peoples

By the time Andrew

Jackson became

President in 1828, the

native population east

of the Mississippi

River had dwindled to

125,000.

In contrast, the non-Indians

population had risen to 13 million.

What Stands in the way of our DESTINY to move & settle the West???

• President Jackson believed that the US Government had the right to move the Native Americans where he wanted.

– He viewed them as conquered subjects who lived within the borders of the United States.

– President Jackson believed that the American Indians stood in the way of the country’s progress.

• He pushed through the Indian Removal Act in 1830.

Conquered Subjects

• This legislation passed through

Congress would allow the

Government to forcefully remove

the Native Americans from

Southern lands to a new location.

• This area was home to the Indian

Nations of:

– Cherokee

– Creek

– Choctaw

– Chickasaw

– Seminole

The Indian Removal Act

• Throughout the next few years many of the tribes signed additional treaties or accepted payments and moved West.

• However, the most aggressive tribe in fighting the removal was the Cherokee.

Removal

• The Cherokee Nation tried to beat Andrew Jackson’s policy and the State of Georgia through the Court system.

• They created their own formal government by writing a Constitution

Fighting Fire with Fire

• The Georgia courts ruled that the Cherokee Nation didn’t exist.

• After many appeals, the case landed in the Supreme Court.

• The court case of Worcester Vs. Georgia would end in a victory for the Cherokee!

– The Treaties America signed gave the Cherokee’s legal standing as a sovereign nation

Worcester Vs. Georgia

• The Cherokee may have won the battle in court, but the lost the war with Andrew Jackson.

• President Jackson ignores the Supreme Court ruling!

Short Victory

“John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him

enforce it!”

• President Jackson immediately moved to enforce the law.

• He believed that this option was “just and liberal” and would allow the Native Americans to keep their way of life.

It will civilize them…

TribalNation

Population east of the Mississippi

before removal treaty

Removal treaty(year

signed)

Years of forced

emigration

Total number forcibly

removed

Number stayed in Southeast

Deaths during

removal

Choctaw 19,554 1830 1831–1836 12,500 7,000

2,000–

4,000+

Disease

during and

after

removal

Creek 22,700 1832 1834–1837 20,000+ 100s

3,500

(disease

during and

after

removal)

Chickasaw 4,914 1832 1837–1847 4,000+ 100s 500–800

Cherokee21,500

1835 1836–1838 20,000 + 1,0002,000–

8,000

Seminole 5,000 1832 1832–1842 2,833 250–500 700 from

warfare

The Cherokee and the Trail of Tears

• In 1838 federal troops rounded up the remaining Cherokee people living in Georgia and forced them into stockades.

– Many people were forced out with just the clothes on their back.

• That fall and winter 16,000 Cherokee were forced to march through the rain, sleet, and snow.

• The Native Americans were emotionless.

• The Cherokee refer to the time as “The trail where they cried”

• “They” referring to those who witnessed the passage of the Native Americans. 4,000 Cherokee die along the way

The Tears of those who Watched

“… When past the last detachment

of those suffering… exiles from

their native soil and their much

loved homes, and that too in this

harsh season of the year in all

their suffering, I turned from the

sight with feelings which

language cannot express and

“wept like childhood then.”

Trail of Tears (1838-1839)