manganese is: manganese is a chemical element, designated by the symbol mn. manganese is a...

Manganese is:• Manganese is a chemical element, designated by the

symbol Mn. Manganese is a silvery-gray metal resembling iron. It is hard and very brittle, difficult to fuse, but easy to oxidize.[1] Manganese metal and its common ions are paramagnetic.

• Manganese makes up about 1000 ppm (0.1%) of the Earth's crust, making it the 12th most abundant element there.[

• 18] Soil contains 7–9000 ppm of manganese with an average of 440 ppm.[18]

• Seawater has only 10 ppm manganese and the atmosphere contains 0.01 µg/m3.[18]

Phosphates are:

cCoal Mining is:• The goal of coal mining is to economically remove coal from the ground.• Coal was mined from underground.• Coal was mined from underground with a pick and shovel. • Methods of extraction

1. Modern surface mining2. Area mining

3.Contour mining4.Mountaintop removal mining

5.Room and pillar mining6.Underground mining

a. Long wall mining b. Continuous mining

c. Blast miningd. Shortwall mining e. Retreat mining

Phosphates

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining• http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/

acr/table31.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate• http://www.baysoundings.com/sum02/

behind.html• http://www.infomine.com/commodities/

manganese.asp• http://www.mbendi.com/indy/ming/mang/

p0005.htm