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Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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High on the EU policy agenda: Moving more smoothly from education and training into the world of work
Eleonora Schmid
Maastricht 2004
Lisbon 2000
Copenhagen 2002
Helsinki 2006
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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Content
Contextual challenges education and training closely linked to
employment, social and economic policies
Copenhagen-Maastricht-Helsinki
How Cedefop supports the process
High level of youth unemployment
Labour force by educational attainment 15-24 year-olds, 2006
EU-27 low medium high
Unemployed in % 21,2 15.5 13.7
Labour force by educational attainment 15-24 year-olds, 2006
Unemployed in % 10.1 7.2 4.1
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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In nearly 50% of the EU countries, more than 2/3 of the 15-24 year-olds not in education not working
Finding employment can take more than 2 years
School leavers with non-matching job more likely to be part-timers
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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! 80 million Europeans formally low skilled
13
16
30
26
16
11
36
4947 47
44
39
34 34
38 38
23
30
44
55
31
0
20
40
60
USA Japan EU27 Korea Canada Russian Fed. Australia
Low skilled Upper/post-secondary education Tertiary education
Educational attainment of adult population aged 25-64, 2003/2006
EU27: 2006; Australia, Canada, Korea, USA: 2004; Japan, Russian Fed.: 2003 Sources: Eurostat (EU27); OECD, 2006 (other countries); countries sorted by attainment of upper/post-secondary education
Europe’s skill level scores: low skills: highhigh skills: lowintermediate skills: strong (mostly through VET)
skilled & highly skilled jobs in demandwithin 10 years:
- 9% jobs for low skilled workers + 31% for medium
+ 58% for high skilled
right skill mix for Europe requiressecondary & tertiary level qualifications
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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40
45
50
55
60
65
70
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Source: P opulation projection 2004, Eurostat, baseline variant.
Population in EU25 aged 15 to 24 and 55 to 64, 2005-2030 (in million)
The demographic time bomb
labour market more dependent on: older workers, women re-enteringthe labour market, migrants
2 million fewer learners insecondary & tertiary VET
anticipate skill needs
validate non-formal learning
systemic changes: betterquality in initial/continuing VET,skills development for adults
- 9 million15-24 year-olds
+ 14 million 55 -64 year olds
by 2030 …
Europe risks wasting its potential
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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malesfemales
Participation in lifelong learning in EU-27, by sex, age groups and educational level (2006)
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
Total25-64
Total25-64
25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 Total25-64
25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
%Low Medium High
learning deficits add up the older people are, the less
they participate in learning
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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Which jobs are in demand? (EU27)
• Skilled and higher skilled occupations: 2/3 of jobs • Still significant share of low and semi-skilled jobs (1/3)• Sectors: high skills in services (80%),
medium in industry (71%), lowest in agriculture (53%)
38.0%
24.3%
27.8%
9.9%High-skilled non-manual
Elementary
Skilled manual
Low-skilled non-manual
Occupational structure2006
4729 21
4754
47
6 1733
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Agriculture Industry Services
Low Medium High
Sectoral qualification structures 2005
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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More medium & VET skills needed?
• EU: A significant share of the future workforce will need vocational skills and competences.(Helsinki Communiqué, 2006)
• By 2015, France will require practitioners including in more traditional jobs (at intermediate level) in which there is already a skills shortage. (Chardon and Estrade, 2007- draft)
• China: ‘It is often overlooked that we need more highly qualified skilled workers and experienced technicians.’ (Xu Zhihong, President of the Beijing University, 2007)
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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Higher skills in elementary occupations: overqualification or higher demands?
100
200
300
400
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Medium
Low
High
Elementary occupations: employment change 1998 - 2006 by educational attainment, EU15 (1998 = 100)
Source: Eurostat (Labour Force Surveys) 1998 = 100
Wrong skills or wrong jobs?
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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Can guidance & counselling be the fix?
At the heart of employment, youth, social welfare, education and training policies
Prevent drop outs Get people back into education & training Advise on up-skilling/progression opportunities Help identify employment opportunities,
select the job that matches
Catering for: pupils, adults, high potentials, young and adult people at risk/at the margin, those without qualifications, those from higher education, those made redundant, those wanting to return…
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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Copenhagen – Maastricht – HelsinkiCopenhagenDeclaration
2002
Strengthen the European dimension
Improve transparency, information & guidance systems
Recognise competences & qualifications
Promote quality assurance
MaastrichtCommuniqué
2004:national
&EU-level
priorities
Put Copenhagen tools into practice(quality assurance, validation, guidance & counselling; Europass)
Improve public/private investments, training incentives, use of EU funds
Address the needs of groups at risk
Develop flexible & individualised pathways, progression
Strengthen VET planning, partnerships, identify skill needs
Develop pedagogical approaches & learning environments
Expand VET teachers’ & trainers’ competence development
EQF, ECVET; identify TT learning needs; improve VET statistics
HelsinkiCommuniqué
2006
Improve image, status, attractiveness of VET; good governance
Develop further, test & implement common tools by 2010(EQF, ECVET, CQAF/ENQA-VET, Europass)
More systematic mutual learning; more & better VET statistics
Take all stakeholders on board to put Copenhagen into place
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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In 2006 most countries report progress:
National qualifications frameworks (NQF) Validation of non-formal and informal learning Quality improvement and assurance – CQAF Integrating learning with working Access and equity Guidance and counselling
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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educational / VET standards
competence-based curricula
assessing learning outcomes
entrepreneurship
language learning
Guidance & counselling is part and parcel…
8 COMMON REFERENCE
LEVELS
Developing NQF …• linked to emphasis on learning outcomes
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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……closely linked to
Validating non-formal and informal learning
Slow but steady progress in valuing what people have learned at work and elsewhere to:
improve lifelong learning opportunitiesalso in higher
education for non-traditional learners
make VET systems more flexible
improve employability and career
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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Integrating learning with working providing learner-need oriented and individualised
pathways work-based training to attract and retain ‘non-academic’
learners marrying theory and practice to develop high skills
New types of apprenticeship and traineeships in: initial and continuing training higher education (designed by institutions and industry) active labour market measures
VET for excellence and inclusion
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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Ensuring access and equity Progress in:
preventing drop out from initial VET enabling low qualified and migrants to acquire skills
giving all employed chance for continuing training
Guidance and counsellingProgress in improving access and quality to:
assist disadvantaged help the young to make right VET choice
Tools: electronic information systems
11 countries (intend to) use Europass for guidance
Supporting individuals & those at risk
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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The Helsinki Communiqué 2006 reviewing the priorities and strategies of the Copenhagen
Process
European and national VET policies should ensure
young people acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values necessary for further learning and employability
to reduce drop put and facilitate school-to-work transition
skills and competences for adults
recognition of prior learning
provision of training and learning opportunities, including for disadvantaged people
investments in skills and shared funding
training should be more efficient and demand-driven
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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guidance & counselling flexible & individualised pathways, progression,
skills developments for adultsclose link to working life, learning at the workplace recognition of non-formal & informal learningskills competitions
Improve the attractiveness and quality of VET
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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To make informed decisions we need …
joint efforts to collect more, more accurate and more reliable statistical data
comprehensive and joint initiatives to identify and anticipate skill needs
research to evaluate policy impact and prepare VET for future challenges
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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How Cedefop supports the process
research, statistics, policy analysis (government & social partner policies,…)
looking at VET as an interface between education, youth, employment, social & economic policies
EQF, ECVET, quality assurance (CQAF) Europass, guidance & counselling teachers & trainer development study visits & peer learning activities
monitoring progress – next review in 2008self-assessment DGVT & Refernetalso guidance & counselling question(s)
25-26 June 2007, Brussels Forum on Restructuring: Anticipation of Change
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Skillsnet webpage:
www.trainingvillage.gr/skillsnet
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007 PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
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Thank you for your attention !
www.cedefop.europa.euwww.trainingvillage.gr
Cedefop’s AGORA event
21- 22 February 2008:
‘Skills for Europe’s future’
Conference to present and discuss: findings on future skill needs at EU,
sectoral and enterprise-level
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