m2 pronoun

BAHASA INGGRIS BAHASA INGGRIS 11

UNIT 2 UNIT 2 PRONOUNPRONOUN

Pronoun can replace a noun or another pronoun.

The Use of PronounThe Use of Pronoun

We use pronoun ( he, she, which, none, you, etc) to make the sentences less cumbersome and less repetitive.

Kinds of PRONOUNSKinds of PRONOUNS

1.1. Personal PronounsPersonal Pronouns

2.2. Demonstrative PronounsDemonstrative Pronouns

3.3. Interrogative PronounsInterrogative Pronouns

4.4. Relative PronounsRelative Pronouns

5.5. Indefinite PronounsIndefinite Pronouns

6.6. Reflexive PronounsReflexive Pronouns

7.7. Intensive PronounsIntensive Pronouns

1. Personal Pronouns1. Personal Pronouns

A personal pronoun refers to a specific person or thing and changes its form to indicate person, number, gender, and case.

1. Personal Pronouns1. Personal Pronouns

Subjective Personal Subjective Personal PronounsPronouns

Objective Personal Objective Personal PronounsPronouns

Possessive Personal Possessive Personal pronounspronouns

Subjective Personal Subjective Personal PronounPronoun

Indicates that the pronoun is acting as the subject of the sentence.

• I• You• She • He• It • We

• They

Subjective Personal Pronoun

I was glad to find the bus pass in the bottom of the green knapsack.

A student walked into the room.

He was looking for the teacher.

Subjective Personal Pronoun

When a student wants to study, ___ should try to find a quiet place.

When a student wants to study, he or she should try to find a quiet place.

Objective Personal Pronouns

Indicates that the pronoun is

acting as an object of a verb,

compound verb , preposition, or infinitive phrase.

Objective Personal Pronouns

The objective personal pronouns are:

Me It

You Us

Her Them

Him

Objective Personal Pronouns

Example:After reading the pamphlet, Judy threw it into the garbage can.

The pronoun “it” is the direct object of the verb “threw”.

Objective Personal Pronouns

Example:

Deborah and Roberta will meet us

at the newest café in the market.

The objective personal pronoun “us” is the direct object of the compound verb “will meet”.

Objective Personal Pronouns

Example:

Give the list to me.

The objective personal pronoun “me” is the direct object of the preposition “to”.

Objective Personal Pronouns

Example:

Christopher was surprised to see her at the drag races.

The objective personal pronoun “her” is the direct object of the infinitive phrase “to see”.

Possessive Personal Pronouns

Indicates that the pronoun is

acting as a marker of

possession and defines who

owns a particular object or

person.

Possessive Personal Pronouns

The possessive personal pronouns are:

Mine Its

Yours Ours

Hers Theirs

His

DISTINGUISH POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

my

your

his

her

its

our

their

mine

yours

his

hers

-

ours

theirs

must be accompanied by a noun

cannot be accompanied by a noun

Possessive Personal Pronouns

They lent me their book. ADJECTIVE

They lent me theirs. PRONOUN

Possessive Personal Pronouns

Examples:

The smallest gift is mine.

This is yours.

The possessive pronouns “mine” and

“yours” functions as a subject

complement.

Possessive Personal Pronouns

Examples:

His is on the kitchen counter.

Ours is the green one on the

corner.

The possessive pronouns “his” and

“ours” functions as the subject of the

sentence.

Exercise

My name is Charlie. _____have two brothers. ____are both older than ____. Sometimes they take me to the park and ______ play football together. I like playing football with _____ because they are very good. We are going to the park today. Would you like to come with _____? ______ can all play together. Afterwards, _____ can come to my house if ____ want to. I think ____ will like my dad. He is very funny and ____ makes great pizzas. Do ____ like pizza?

2. Demonstrative Pronouns

A demonstrative pronoun points to and identifies a noun or a pronoun.

2. Demonstrative 2. Demonstrative PronounsPronouns

ThisThis ThatThat TheseThese ThoseThose

Singular nouns/ noun phrases

Plural nouns/ noun phrases

Nearby either in space/ in time

Farther away in space or time

This ___ ___

That ___ ___

These ___ ___

Those ___ ___

2. Demonstrative 2. Demonstrative PronounsPronouns

Example:

This must not continue.

“This” is used as the subject of the compound verb “must not continue”.

2. Demonstrative Pronouns2. Demonstrative Pronouns

This is puny; that is the tree I want.

“This” is used as subject and refers to something close to the speaker. ”That” is also a subject but refers to something farther away from the speaker.

2. Demonstrative Pronouns2. Demonstrative Pronouns

This is my desk.These are my pets.That is my friend’s house.Those are horses.

3. Interrogative 3. Interrogative PronounsPronouns

An interrogative pronoun is used to ask questions.

3. Interrogative Pronouns3. Interrogative Pronouns

WhoWho WhomWhom WhichWhich WhatWhat WhomeverWhomever WhicheverWhichever WhateverWhatever

3. Interrogative Pronouns

Which wants to see the dentist first?Who wrote the novel Rockbound?Whom do you think we should invite?To whom do you wish to speak?Who will meet the delegates at the

train station?

4. Relative Pronouns

A relative pronoun is used to link one phrase or clause to another phrase or clause.

4. Relative Pronouns

You may invite whomever you like to the party.

The candidate who wins the greatest popular vote is not always elected.

Who, which, that (Pronouns used as a subject)

I thanked the woman. She helped me.

I thanked the woman who helped me.

I thanked the woman that helped me.

Who= used for people

Which= used for things

That= used for both people and things

Exercise

1. I saw the man. He closed the door.

2. The student is from China. He sits next to me.

3. We are studying sentences. They contain adjective clauses.

4. The taxi driver was friendly. He took me to the airport.

Whom, Which, That (Pronouns used as the object)

The man was Mr. Jones. I saw him.

The man whom I saw was Mr. Jones.

The man that I saw was Mr. Jones.

The man I saw was Mr. Jones.

Exercises

1. The book was good. I read it.

2. I liked the woman. I met her at the party last night.

3. I liked the composition. You wrote it.

4. The people were very nice. We visited them yesterday.

WHOSE

I know the man.

His bicycle was stolen.

I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.

Exercises

1. I apologized to the woman. I spilled her coffee.

2. The man called the police. His wallet was stolen.

3. I met the woman. Her husband is the president of the corporation.

4. The people were nice. We visited their house.

5. Indefinite Pronouns

Is a pronoun referring to an

identifiable but not specified

person or thing.

The most common indefinite pronouns

are:

all another

any anybody

anyone

anything

each everybody

everyone

everything

few many nobody none One

several some somebody

someone

Examples:

Many were invited to the lunch but only twelve showed up.

The office had been searched and everything was thrown onto the floor.

SUBJECT/ VERB AGREEMENT AFTER CERTAIN WORDS

These words or expressions are grammatically singular, so

they take singular verbs:

anybody everybody nobody somebody each (+ noun)

anyone everyone no one someone every (+ noun)

anything everything nothing something

6. Reflexive Pronouns6. Reflexive PronounsWe use a reflexive pronoun when the subject and object are the same.

SINGULAR PLURAL

First Person

myself ourselves

Second person

yourself yourselves

Third person

himself, herself, itself

themselves

6. Reflexive Pronouns6. Reflexive PronounsExamples:

Tom cut himself while he was shaving this morning. (not “Tom cut him”)

Don’t get angry. Control yourself! (said to one person)

6. Reflexive Pronouns6. Reflexive PronounsExamples:

If you want more to eat, help yourselves. (said to more than one person)

We tortured ourselves with the thought of the upcoming exam. (the action of “torturing” is being reflected back to the subject)

6. Reflexive Pronouns6. Reflexive Pronouns1. My brother built this computer________.2. Be careful not to cut _____ with that knife.3. John was looking at ____ in the mirror.4. Kate fell and hurt ___.5. Our cat washes ____ after every meal.6. We baked the cake by ____.7. Come in, everybody, and find ____ a seat.8. The children cleaned their room all by ____.9. Bears like to rub ____ against a tree.10.The bird washed ___ by splashing in a puddle.11.The players train every day to keep ____ fit.12.Have ____ a good time.

6. Reflexive Pronouns6. Reflexive Pronouns1. My brother built this computer himself.2. Be careful not to cut yourself with that knife.3. John was looking at himself in the mirror.4. Kate fell and hurt herself.5. Our cat washes itself after every meal.6. We baked the cake by ourselves.7. Come in, everybody, and find yourselves a

seat.8. The children cleaned their room all by

themselves.9. Bears like to rub themselves against a tree.10.The bird washed itself by splashing in a puddle.11.The players train every day to keep themselves

fit.12.Have yourselves a good time.

7. Intensive Pronouns7. Intensive Pronouns

Is a pronoun used to emphasize its antecedent.

Examples:

I myself believe that aliens should abduct my sister.

The Prime Minister himself said that he would lower taxes.

Using Pronouns ClearlyUsing Pronouns ClearlyPronouns should:1. AGREE in NUMBER For example:If a student parks a car on campus, he or she has to buy a parking sticker.

(NOT: If a student parks a car on campus, they have to buy a parking sticker.)

Using Pronouns ClearlyUsing Pronouns Clearly2. AGREE in PERSON

If you are writing in the "first person" ( I), don't confuse your reader by switching to the "second person" ( you) or "third person" (he, she, they, it, etc.). Similarly, if you are using the "second person," don't switch to "first" or "third.“

When a person comes to class, he or she should have his or her homework ready.

(NOT: When a person comes to class, you should have your homework ready.)

Pronoun detailPronoun detailsubjec

tobject poss. ref/int poss.adj

I Me Mine Myself My

We Us Ours Ourselves Our

You You Yours Yourself Your

They Them Theirs Themselves

Their

He Him Him Himself His

She Her Hers Herself Her

It It Its Itself it

ExamplesExamples1. My father bought me a new dress.2. She loves him very much.3. Have you returned her book.4. This is her car and that car is mine5. You might ask yourself about this

problem6. I myself went to Bali last year.7. Don’t take my money. You have yours.8. I have a cat. It is sleeping under the chair

Identify the underlined words into Identify the underlined words into personal pronounspersonal pronouns

1. The table itself is made of wooden2. Where do you buy your gloves?3. Her mother gave me some sweet.4. I am teaching myself to play guitar.5. They need our address6. He has his own book and I also have mine7. Ask her why she is crying8. Where is my cat? It might be in the kitchen

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_pronuse.html