m s shekhar, sc e & deputy director · field recces satellite data generation of daily...

M S Shekhar, Sc ‘E’ & Deputy DirectorSnow & Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE), Chandigarh

AnnualAnnual ConferenceConference onon StatusStatus ofof preparednesspreparedness forfor SouthSouth--WestWest MonsoonMonsoon-2019

Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE), Chandigarh

Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE)• Established on 01 Oct 1969 at Manali.

Running through Golden Jubilee year.• Core Mission

• To develop technologies to mitigateavalanche hazard to men and its facilitiesin snow bound areas.

• Focus Areas

– Issue of avalanche and weatherforecast for snow bound regions.

– Development of technologies for• Avalanche Hazard mapping• Structural control of Avalanches• Artificial Triggering of Avalanches

– Providing consultancy for avalancheprotection to highways and otherinfrastructure in snow bound mountainregions

Snow Avalanche - Sudden downhill motion of snow mass.

Avalanche•Sudden downward motion of snow mass; may contain rocks, soil, ice trees etc•Exerts pressure up to 50 Tn/m2

Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE), Chandigarh

Factors affecting Avalanche Formation§ Avalanche Hazard is dependent on 3 parameters:

1. Terrain2. Weather3. Snowpack

Avalanche Hazard

SNOWPACK

• Elevation• Slope• Aspect• Curvature

• Temperature• Humidity• Pressure• Wind• Radiation

• Snow Depth• Snow Surface

Temperature• Wetness• Grain Size• Density• Albedo• Snow pack

characteristics

Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE), Chandigarh

Avalanche Forecasting

Met Data at Observatories

Field Data of Snow properties

Automatic Weather Stations Field Recces Satellite Data

Generation of Daily Avalanche & Weather Forecast

eN10 (Nearest

Neighbourhood - Statistical

Methodology)

Expert System(Statistical +

Human Expertise)

Hidden Markov Model

(Probabilistic Modelling)

Support Vector Machine(Machine Learning

Algorithm) MO

DEL

S

Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE), Chandigarh

Avalanche Avalanche Defence MeasuresMeasures

Avalanche Forecasting

PASSIVE ACTIVE

Artificial Triggering

Hazard Mapping

Control Structures

Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE), Chandigarh

Challenges

Vast, rugged, snow-bound mountainous area.

Inhospitable weather, poor accessibility, limited working season.Health Hazrads

Human effort –excruciating, error prone, time consuming

Large variability –spatial & temporal distribution, frequent movement

Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE), Chandigarh

SASE’s USERS

Indian Army Border Roads Organisation

NHIDCL Power Grid Corporation

Northern Railways

Tourism Departments of J&K, HP

and UK,

Electricity Department of J&K and

HP

National Disaster

Management Authority (NDMA)

ITBP

Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE), Chandigarh

Severity of the Avalanche Hazard in Himalayas

Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE), Chandigarh

User Avalanche Awareness Training

Avalanche Cadre

Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE), Chandigarh

Virtual Reality Centre for Training of troopsVR facility for training of troops on• Movement in avalanche prone areas• Rescue in the event of avalanche accident• Avalanche Triggering

Defence Users & DRDO HQ

• DG (ACE), Chairman & RM• HQ DGMO-3 (New Delhi)• HQ N Cmd (Udhampur)• Col GS Plg (14, 15 & 16 Corps)• Winter Ops Room (all Corps HQs & HQ

102 Inf Bde)• BRO ,ITBP, BSF and other Para Military

Forces

•Media (UNI)

•SDMA (States)

•NDMA (MHA)

NDMA NDMA

Civil Users

Avalanche Alert by

SASE

SDMC J&KSDMA-UKD

North-East

SDMA-HP

Dissemination of Avalanche Warning Bulletin Dissemination of Avalanche Warning Bulletin to CIVIL areas through SDMA & to CIVIL areas through SDMA & National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

•Media (UNI)•SDMA (States)

•NDMA (MHA)

Only through Only through official Eofficial E--mail /FAXmail /FAX

PTI / UNI PTI / UNI NDMA NDMA

To: IOC, MHACopy to:1. DM-1, MHA (e-mail: dirdm1@nic.in)2..National Disaster Management Authority, (Fax: 011-26701729; e-mail: ndmacontrolroom@gmail.com)3. JS (DM), MHA (Fax:011-23438254,e-mail: dresponse-nerc@gov.in)4. Duty Officer, Control room, MHA (Fax: 011-23093750, e-mail: iocdm.mha@nic.in)

Dissemination of Avalanche Warning Bulletin Dissemination of Avalanche Warning Bulletin to CIVIL to CIVIL National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

2.2.2.6 Landslides and Snow Avalanches

Reference :National Disaster Management Plan, 2016.A publication of the National Disaster Management Authority, Government of India.May 2016, New Delhi3.7.1.1 Landslides and Snow Avalanches Disaster Risk

BILINGUAL FORMAT

Reference :Standard Operating Procedures for Responding to Disasters 2012. A publication of the Department of Revenue (DMC), Govt. of Himachal Pradesh,July 2012.4.1 Nodal agencies for early warning