looking into the mind’s eye
Post on 24-Feb-2016
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Looking Into the Mind’s Eye
Archis R. Bhandarkar
A Review of the Latest Neurotechnology
Motivation“If the human brain were so simple that we could
understand it, we would be so simple that we couldn't.” Emerson Pugh
Understanding Complex Systems
Creative Solutions
Overview
What strategies do we have to perceive the human mind?
• Technologies in Scanning/Diagnostics• Technologies in Capturing Individual Neurons• Mathematical Modeling of the Neuron
Technologies in Scanning
Positron Emission Tomography
• Powerful tool in neurological analysis• Gauge of energy consumption
Areas of greater activity (energy consumption) are
depicted in RED
Positron Emission Tomography
Positron Emission Tomography
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Fine anatomic detail of 3D structure using magnetic field scanning
Tissues with a lot of water/fat register as a
brighter image, whereas bone comes up black
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
fMRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
DTIMRS
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
• NON-INVASIVE• Same physics as MRI to trace biochemical
concentration
Mathematics Behind DTI
• Water molecules tend to diffuse along axons• DTI uses mathematics to trace the molecules
Functional MRI
• Hemodynamics (deoxyhemoglobin)• Activity- blood flow correlation
Integrated DTI/fMRI
http://www.youtube.com/v/J2ZTjA4BtDA&feature=fvw
Technologies in Targeting the Neuron
Optogenetics
• Express opsin genes in organism• Target specific neurons to fire through light
exposure
Potential of Optogenetics
http://www.youtube.com/v/v7uRFVR9BPU&feature=fvw
Two Photon Calcium Imaging
• Tracks calcium ions to trace individual neuron activity
Mathematical Modeling of the Neuron
Hodgkin-Huxley Model
• Differential equations based on Hodgkin-Huxley study of squid axons
• Equivalence of Neuron to Circuit
FitzHugh-Nagumo Model
• Simplification of Hodgkin-Huxley
Conclusion
• Larger Idea Flow• Broadened Interdisciplinary Research• Greater Tools for Diagnostics
Wide Variety of Perspectives Leads to:
Thank you for listening
Sources• Brain Facts• http://www.uop.edu.jo/download/PdfCourses/caclulus/tensor%20analysis
%20intro.pdf• http://www.fmri.org/fmri.htm• http://meteoreservice.com/PDFs/JMRI_DTI.PDF• http://www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine/16473/page2/• http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic_Physics_of_Nuclear_Medicine/MRI_
%26_Nuclear_Medicine
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