location-aware mobile devices & landscape reading mobile devices & landscape reading joye r....

DLA

2011

May

27t

h 20

11

Location-aware Mobile Devices & Landscape Reading

JOYE

R. –

VERB

EKEN

J. –

HEY

DE

S. –

LIBB

RECH

T H

.

• University College Ghent– Dep. Bioscience and Landscape Architecture– Brusselsesteenweg 161

B-9090 MelleBELGIUM

• Ruben Joye– ruben.joye@hogent.be

• Harlind Libbrecht– harlind.libbrecht@hogent.be

3INTRODUCTION 21

.INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION• Introduction

– Study area– Research project outlines– Geospatial web and location-based information– DLA 2010– Landscape perception and valuation

• MATERIALS & METHODS– Technical– Content

• RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS– Technical– Content & Use

3INTRODUCTION 21

3INTRODUCTION 21Situation map

PROJECT OUTLINES• Ypres Salient

– Rich and diverse landscape history

– Evolved from a traditional landscape

– Historical castle & manor house parks (wide time span)

– Strategic border region between empires

– Landscape of war: most notably the First World War (1914-1918)

– Important international tourism destination (war commemoration)

3INTRODUCTION 21

Castles / manor housesCities and villagesYpres SalientMain roads

Situation map

PROJECT OUTLINES• Historical research

– Evolution of the landscape– Evolution of the castle & manor house domains and parks

3INTRODUCTION 21German aerial photographs overlaid on top of current landscape

PROJECT OUTLINES• Historical research

– Evolution of the landscape– Evolution of the castle & manor house domains and parks

3INTRODUCTION 21The park of Zonnebeke

3INTRODUCTION 21Non-specific information overload

3INTRODUCTION 21Non-specific information overload

3INTRODUCTION 21Non-specific information overload

3INTRODUCTION 21Outdoor space in the Ypres Salient cluttered with signs and arrows

3INTRODUCTION 21Geospatial web – mobile web – networked digital place – portable GIS-…

3

METHOD

3INTRODUCTION 21DLA 2010

Augmented Reality: combining synthetic supplements with the real world rather than totally replacing it (BIMBER & RASKAR, 2005)

cf.: (Drascic and Milgram 1996)

33INTRODUCTION 21Sketch by Humphry Repton (Maumené, 1912)

33INTRODUCTION 21Sketch by Humphry Repton (Maumené, 1912)

3

METHOD

*.SKP

*.OBJ

*.L3DLAYAR POI SERVER

LAYAR CLIENTAPP

3INTRODUCTION 21DLA 2010

3

METHOD

3INTRODUCTION 21DLA 2010

• Layer definition– http://dev.layar.com/– Title, description, keywords, logo…– Color definition– Define filters

• Points-of-interest server– Back-end interface between POI’s and Layar Client App– PorPOISE 1.x (http://code.google.com/p/porpoise/)– Customizable (PHP)

• Points of interest (POI)– 1D (point), 2D (image) and 3D (model)– Proximity triggers (audio, video, webpage…)– SQL database or XML– Need to look up the lat- lon-coordinates for each POI

manually– Lack of integration with common GIS-tools

3

LANDSCAPE PERCEPTION

3INTRODUCTION 21Landscape perception and -valuation

• Landscape perception and -valuation– Contextual & time bound– Personal / subjective (JACOBS, 2006)– Filtering based on prior knowledge: cognitive aspects

(DIJKSTRA & KLIJN, 1992)– Landscape experience and –valuation is more than just an

aesthetic consideration (DIJKSTRA & KLIJN, 1992)

• Quantative survey: purpose– 20 students (advanced study in ‘landscape development’)– Change of appraisal and overall assessment?– Use and experience of the smartphone system– Educational possibilities– (mobile phone habits)

1.MATERIALS & METHODS

TECHNICAL• MySQL & ESRI ArcGIS

– ODBC MySQL (version 5.1.8.)– OLE DB Connection in ESRI ArcCatalog (Database connection)– External database cannot be edited from within ESRI Arcmap– Intermediate step through Microsoft Access

• Microsoft Access– ArcScript ‘ArcMap Hyperlink to Filtered Microsoft Access Form’ (CALLAHAN & CARSON, 2003)– ArcGIS 8.2 & Microsoft Access 2000 | ArcGIS 9.3.1 & Microsoft Access 2010– Personal geodatabase

• Added a ‘Point feature class’ named ‘POI’• Added an additional field ‘accessid’ on top of ‘OBJECTID’ and ‘SHAPE’

• PorPOISe MySQL database schema– Table ‘POI’– 4 additional tables for advanced features like 2D/3D objects, actions,…– ‘database.sql’ executed to the MySQL server using MySQL Workbench (version 5.2.31a)– Imported to the personal geodatabase using Microsoft Access (‘external data’)

3MATERIALS & METHODS 21 Technical

3MATERIALS & METHODS 21 Technical

TECHNICAL

3MATERIALS & METHODS 21 Technical

TECHNICAL

3MATERIALS & METHODS 21

TECHNICAL

Technical

3MATERIALS & METHODS 21

CONTENT

© MMP 1917

3MATERIALS & METHODS 21

CONTENT

© MMP 1917

3MATERIALS & METHODS 21

CONTENT

© MMP 1917

3MATERIALS & METHODS 21 © MMP 1917

CONTENT

3MATERIALS & METHODS 21 © MMP 1917

CONTENT

3MATERIALS & METHODS 21 © MMP 1917

CONTENT

3MATERIALS & METHODS 21 © MMP 1917

CONTENT

2.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS

3RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS21

TECHNICAL• ESRI ArcGIS

– Projection set to local geographic coordinate system (‘Belge Lambert 72’)– Georeferenced aerial photo– ‘POI’ point feature class from the personal geodatabase was added (‘WGS 84’)– Transformation from ‘WGS 84’ to ‘Belge Lambert 72’– Adding new POI’s features graphically (‘sketch tool’)– Copy ‘OBJECTID’ (Arcmap) to ‘accesid’ (ArcScript) and ‘id’ (PorPOISe) using the ‘Field Calculator’– Adding the longitude and latitude values using the ‘Calculate Geometry’ tool– Using the hyperlink tool clicking any POI will open the corresponding Microsoft Access form

• Microsoft Access– Information on each POI can be added of updated– Webpage within the Microsoft Access form show the location of the selected POI– Updating the online MySQL database using ‘Access To MySQL’ (freeware)– Automatic alternative: ‘DBSync for Access and MySQL’ (paid)

3RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS21 ESRI Arcmap

3RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS21 Microsoft Access

3RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS21 Layar Realitybrowser

CONCLUSION• Content

– 2D billboard images– Hard to tell the direction of the photo– Solution: ‘experience domes’ / ‘virtual caves’

3RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS21 Technical

CONCLUSION• Accuracy

– Difference in geographic coordinate system (‘Belge Lambert 72’ vs. ‘WGS 84’)– Minor deviation– Inaccuracy is negligible (higher imprecision of GPS-signal)

• POI management– Initial setting up of the system requires advanced technological knowledge– Integrated in familiar workflows & ability to use existing GIS-data– Much more functional in use then the ‘PorPOISe server dashboard’ web interface– Updating lat/lon fields and copying id-values should be automated

3RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS21 Technical

CONCLUSION• Screen size

– 1/3 found the screen size to be a significant bottleneck– Only two devices for twenty people– Tablet pc’s might be the solution (Apple iPad, Samsung Galaxy TAB,…)– offer a greater immersive experience due to the significant lager screen size (MAARTEN, 2010)

• Impact on landscape perception– 83% valued the landscape higher in terms of cultural heritage after using the application

• Educational use– 2/3 thinks AR is still too premature to have practical educational use– Critical attitude towards educational (technological) innovation in general– Multimedia or technology doesn’t necessarily result in a better understanding of the learning content

3RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS21 Quantative survey

CONCLUSION• Mobile phones of students

– 40% have a mobile data plan– Only a third has a smartphone– All had Symbian (Nokia) as mobile OS: unsupported at the time– Only 15% would pay over €200 for a new phone (critical price for an entry level smartphone)– 2/3 of female students get a new phone every year– All of the male students use their phones at least two years, and are willing to pay more– Greater confidence in educational opportunities is shown by male respondents

• Future– All of the respondents would use this location based service to explore and learn more about the Ypres

Salient area once finished

3RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS21 Quantative survey

Thanks foryour attention!

3 …21

• University College Ghent– Dep. Bioscience and Landscape Architecture– Brusselsesteenweg 161

B-9090 MelleBELGIUM

• Ruben Joye– ruben.joye@hogent.be

• Harlind Libbrecht– harlind.libbrecht@hogent.be