local anesthesia and use of rubber dam in pediatric dentistry maha alsarheed
Post on 17-Dec-2015
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Local Anesthesia in pediatric dentistry requires understanding of
• Child growth and development• Behavioral management• Physiologic pain and modulation• Pharmacology of local anesthesia
Continued
• Children’s perception to pain varied with ages < 2 yrs- unable
2-10yrs- begin to distinguish
>10 yrs- able to participate
Topical Anesthesia (TA)• Its reduce the discomfort within the mucosal membrane
• TA is used to anesthetize 2-3mm depth of surface tissue when used properly
• A number of different preparation varying in the active agent and in concentration are available for intra-oral use
• TA provided as sprays, solutions, creams ointments and the mostly used in children is gel in different flavored
Local AnesthesiaDefinitionA reversal temporary cessation of painful impulses
from a particular region in the body
Mechanism of ActionLA agent penetrate the nerve cell membrane
and block receptor site that control the influx
of Na+ associate with membrane depolarization
Local Anesthesia properties
LA properties vary as a function of intrinsic properties of the anesthesia agent and the regional anesthetic procedure employed
TECHINIQUES
Maxillary Primary and Permanent Molar Anesthesia
Maxillary Primary and Permanent Incisor and Canine Anesthesia
Infraorbital block injection
Nasal palatine block
Complication of LA
1. Localized complications
2. 2. Systemic complications
Management of Complication
3. Prevention
4. Management
Conclusion
• Justification• Calculate maximum safe dose for each
patient• Practice techniques• Use vasoconstrictor• Knowledge of the intrinsic properties of
LA
Rubber Dam in Pediatric Dentistry Advantage of using Rubber Dam
1. Improving of child’s safety by reduced damage to the soft tissue and swallowing or inhalation items
2. Ensure a dry field by moisture control
3. Decrease operating time
4. Reduce stress and child become more quite and relaxed
5. Better view of the operating field by retracting of tongue, cheeks and gingival tissue
6. Enhance nasal breathing for N2O administration
7. Reduce risk of cross-infection
Contraindication in using Rubber Dam
1. Presence of fixed appliance
2. Recent erupted tooth
3. Child with upper respiratory infection, congested nasal passages or nasal obstruction
4. In rare case allergy to latex.
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