linked open data for conservation documentation
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Linked Open Datafor conservation documentation
With examples from bookbinding descriptions
Athanasios Velios
Why should I care about Linked Open
Data?
1
Development of knowledge
● Observations
Development of knowledge
● Observations● Summary
Development of knowledge
● Observations● Summary● Rules
Development of knowledge
● Observations● Summary● Rules
● New observations
Development of knowledge
● Observations● Summary● Rules
● New observations
● Revised rules
Development of knowledge
● Observations● Summary● Rules
● New observations
● Revised rules
Professor Nicholas Pickwoad
Slow development
● Observations take time– Few researchers have representative knowledge
Slow development
● Observations take time– Few researchers have representative knowledge
● Publications are difficult to produce
Slow development
● Observations take time– Few researchers have representative knowledge
● Publications are difficult to produce/consume– They hardly ever contain data
Linked Open Data
● Sharing observations– More representative samples
Linked Open Data
● Sharing observations● Automated summaries
– Still scope to publish commentary
Linked Open Data
● Sharing observations● Automated summaries● Automated rules
– As reasonable conclusions from summaries
Linked Open Data
● Sharing observations● Automated summaries● Automated rules● Automated revisions of rules
Linked Open Data
Data is used in applications, but it was not originally designed for
them
http://mes-semantics.com/DBpediaMobile/
Linked data example
"http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#lat" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : 54.97483444213867 , "datatype" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float" } ] ,
"http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#long" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : 1.610236167907715 , "datatype" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float" } ] ,
Linked data example
"http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#lat" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : 54.97483444213867 , "datatype" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float" } ] ,
"http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#long" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : 1.610236167907715 , "datatype" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float" } ] ,
Conservation supplier
Paraloid B72 Tube HMG 14mlItem Number: SUPARA7210
Linked Open Data question
Which low toxicity solvent can dissolve an adhesive by the specific supplier?
How do I publish my database as
Linked Open Data?
2
World Wide Web Consortium
Resource Description Framework
Tim Berners-Lee (Photograph: Rick Friedman, The Guardian)
Resource Description Framework - RDF
Simplest way to share
RDF
Subject(what do we describe?)
RDF
Subject(what do we describe?)
Predicate(which property of subject?)
Predicate(which property of subject?)
RDF
Object(what value of property?)
Subject(what do we describe?)
has material(which property of subject?)
RDF
Wood(what value of property?)
MS Arabic 450(what do we describe?)
has material(which property of subject?)
RDF
Wood(what value of property?)
MS Arabic 450(what do we describe?)
ambiguouslabel
ambiguouslabel
ambiguouslabels
www.cidoc-crm.org/rdfs/...#
P45.consists_of
RDF
vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011914
www.ligatus.org.uk/stcatherines/ms/438
ambiguouslabel
ambiguouslabelexplicitlabels
www.cidoc-crm.org/rdfs/...#
P45.consists_of
RDF
vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011914
www.ligatus.org.uk/stcatherines/ms/438
ambiguouslabel
ambiguouslabel
identifiersURIs
www.cidoc-crm.org/rdfs/...#
P45.consists_of
RDF
vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011914
www.ligatus.org.uk/stcatherines/ms/438
Ligatuswebsite
www.cidoc-crm.org/rdfs/...#
P45.consists_of
RDF
vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011914
www.ligatus.org.uk/stcatherines/ms/438
Gettywebsite
www.cidoc-crm.org/rdfs/...#
P45.consists_of
RDF
vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011914
www.ligatus.org.uk/stcatherines/ms/438
?
ICOM-CIDOC-CRM
P45 consists of (is incorporated in)Domain: #_E18_Physical_Thing Physical ThingRange: #_E57_Material Material
Scope note: This property identifies the instances of E57 Materials of which an instance of E18 Physical Thing is composed.
All physical things consist of physical materials. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) allows the different Materials to be recorded. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) refers here to observed Material as opposed to the consumed raw material.
Examples: silver cup 232 (E22) consists of silver (E57)
www.cidoc-crm.org/rdfs/...#
P45.consists_of
RDF
vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011914
www.ligatus.org.uk/stcatherines/ms/438
CIDOCwebsite
The Girdle Book
http://collection.britishmuseum.org/id/object/MCN15614
Man-MadeObject
enamel
gold
serpent
Solomon
www.cidoc-crm.org/rdfs/...#
P45.consists_of
vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011914
www.ligatus.org.uk/stcatherines/ms/438
Your data is in fields
● Match data with concepts from thesauri
Language of Bindings Thesaurus
Your data is in fields
● Match data with concepts from thesauri● Match data relationships with formal
relationships (ontologies)
Your data is in fields
● Match data with concepts from thesauri● Match data relationships with formal
relationships (ontologies)● Give unique addresses to each field online
Your data is in fields
● Match data with concepts from thesauri● Match data relationships with formal
relationships (ontologies)● Give unique addresses to each field online● Publish online without copyright restrictions
Your data is in fields
● Match data with concepts from thesauri● Match data relationships with formal
relationships (ontologies)● Give unique addresses to each field online● Publish online without copyright restrictions
● Existing data models can remain (but a revision may be a good idea)
Problemswith your data
3
Your data is free text
Your data is free text
● Bad idea: avoid free text
Your data is free text
● Bad idea: avoid free text
● Natural Language Processing● Use of thesauri● Attempt to identify concepts and relationships
Free-text
The binding has an unsupported sewing structure, using four stations, with wooden boards attached to the sewn bookblock by means of sewing thread only; a textile spine lining extending onto the outer face of the boards; endbands sewn to the bookblock and the head and tail edges of the boards; and metal bosses and triple interlaced leather clasp-straps laced through the right board with metal rings that fit over edge pins on the left board.
Honey, A., and N. Pickwoad. 2010. ‘Learning from the Past: Using Original Techniques to Conserve a Twelfth-century Illuminated Manuscript and Its Sixteenth-century Greek-style Binding at the Monastery of St Catherine, Sinai’. In Conservation and the Eastern Mediterranean: Contributions to the Istanbul Congress 20-24 September 2010, ed. C. Rozeik, R. Ashok, and D. Saunders, 56–61. Istanbul, Turkey: International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
Free-text
The binding has an unsupported sewing structure, using four stations, with wooden boards attached to the sewn bookblock by means of sewing thread only; a textile spine lining extending onto the outer face of the boards; endbands sewn to the bookblock and the head and tail edges of the boards; and metal bosses and triple interlaced leather clasp-straps laced through the right board with metal rings that fit over edge pins on the left board.
Honey, A., and N. Pickwoad. 2010. ‘Learning from the Past: Using Original Techniques to Conserve a Twelfth-century Illuminated Manuscript and Its Sixteenth-century Greek-style Binding at the Monastery of St Catherine, Sinai’. In Conservation and the Eastern Mediterranean: Contributions to the Istanbul Congress 20-24 September 2010, ed. C. Rozeik, R. Ashok, and D. Saunders, 56–61. Istanbul, Turkey: International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
Ambiguous descriptions
● Compound and/or non descriptive fields
Byzantine/Greek
● Raised endbands● Smooth spine (unsupported)● Edges cut with the boards● Straps
raisedendbandsraised
endbands
smoothspine
smoothspine
textblockCut flushtextblockCut flush
strapsstraps
Byzantine/Greek
Byzantine/Greek
● Raised endbands● Smooth spine (unsupported)● Edges cut with the boards● Straps
Byzantine/Greek
● Raised endbands● Smooth spine (unsupported)● Edges cut with the boards● Straps
Byzantine/Greek
● Raised endbands● Smooth spine (unsupported)● Edges cut with the boards● Straps
Byzantine/Greek
● Raised endbands● Smooth spine (unsupported)● Edges cut with the boards● Straps
Ambiguous descriptions
● Compound and/or non descriptive fields● Uncertain / inaccurate data
Ioannes Copus, De fructibus libri quatuor, Paris: Christian Wechel, 1535
SIG
The time is right
!
The time is right
● Thesauri are being published● Mature ontologies exist● Online systems are popular
Language of Bindings Thesaurus
...
http://lod-cloud.net/Linking Open Data cloud diagram 2014,by Max Schmachtenberg, Christian Bizer, Anja Jentzsch and Richard Cyganiak.
a.velios@gmail.com - @a_velios
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