lifestyles, fitness and rehabilitation hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

Hypertension

• What is Blood Pressure?– Pressure created by the heart as it pumps

blood through the arteries and the circulatory system

• What do Blood Pressure Numbers Mean?– Top number (Systolic)= Pressure while heart is

beating– Bottom number (Diastolic)= Pressure while

heart is resting between beats

Lifestyles, fitnessand rehabilitation

Hypertension

• Normal Blood Pressure– Blood Pressure of < 140/ 90– Blood Pressure of 130 to 139/ 85 to 89 should

be closely watched

• High Blood Pressure– Blood Pressure > 140/ 90

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• How can I tell if I have High Blood Pressure?– Usually NO SYMPTOMS!– “The Silent Killer”–May have: • Headache• Blurry vision• Chest Pain• Frequent urination at night

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• Blood Pressure Measurement– Sphygmomanometer– Systolic pressure= pressure when 1st sound is

heard– “Diastolic pressure= pressure when last sound

is heard

• Blood Pressure Cuff Size– Small – children and small adults– Average– Large – overweight and large adults

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

American Heart AssociationRecommended Blood Pressure Levels

BP Category

Systolic (mmHg)

Diastolic (mmHg)

Follow-up

Optimal < 120 and < 80 Recheck

2 years

Normal < 130 and < 85 Recheck 2 years

High Normal

130-139 or 85-89 Recheck 1 year

Lifestyles, fitness And Rehabilitation

American Heart AssociationRecommended Blood Pressure Levels

BP Category

Systolic (mmHg)

Diastolic (mmHg)

Follow-up

Stage 1(mild HTN) 140-159 or 90-99

Confirm within months

Stage 2(moderate HTN)

160-179 or 100-109Evaluate within 1 month

Stage 3(severe HTN)

180 or > or 110 or >Evaluate immediately

Lifestyles, fitness And Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• What Causes High Blood Pressure?– Cause unknown in 90 to 95% of cases =

Primary Hypertension– Secondary Hypertension = 5 to 10%• Kidney Abnormalities• Narrowing of certain arteries• Rare tumors• Adrenal gland abnormalities• Pregnancy

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• What Causes High Blood Pressure?– Controllable Risk Factors• Increased salt intake• Obesity• Alcohol• Stress• Lack of exercise

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• What Causes High Blood Pressure?– Uncontrollable Risk Factors• Heredity• Age

– Men between age 35 and 50– Women after menopause

• Race– 1 out of every 3 African Americans– Higher incidence in non-Hispanic blacks and

Mexican Americans

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• Women and High Blood Pressure– Birth Control Pill– Pregnancy– Overweight– After Menopause– African Americans

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• How does High Blood Pressure develop?– Certain nerve impulses cause arteries to

become larger (dilate) or smaller (contract)

– If vessels wide open blood flows easily

– If vessel narrows pressure inside increases causing hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• What does High Blood Pressure do to my Body?– Stroke– Congestive heart failure– Kidney failure– Heart attack– Heart rhythm problems– Aneurysm

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• What Can I Do?– High blood pressure is a lifelong

disease– Blood pressure can be controlled not

cured– Controlling blood pressure will reduce

the risk of stroke, heart attack, heart failure and kidney disease

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• What Can I Do?– Loose weight if your overweight– Get regular physical activity– Avoid excessive alcohol– Stop smoking–Manage your stress

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• What Can I Do?– Decrease salt intake– Eat for heart health– Discuss the use of oral contraceptives

with your doctor– Discuss the use of some medications

with your doctor

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• Ten Commandments for Blood Pressure Control– Know your blood pressure• Have it checked regularly

– Know what your weight should be• Keep it at that level or below

– Don’t use excessive salt in cooking or at meals• Avoid salty foods

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

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Hypertension

• Ten Commandments for Blood Pressure Control– Eat a low-fat diet• According to AHA regulations

– Don’t smoke cigarettes• Or use tobacco products

– Take your medicine exactly as prescribed• Don’t run out of pills even for a single day

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

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Hypertension

• Ten Commandments for Blood Pressure Control– Keep your appointments with the doctor– Follow your doctors advice about

exercise–Make certain family members have their

blood pressure checked regularly– Live a normal life in every other way!

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

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Hypertension

• Medication for High Blood Pressure– Diuretics• Rid the body of excess fluids and salt

– Beta-blockers• Reduce the heart rate and the work of the

heart

– Calcium antagonists• Reduce heart rate and relax blood vessels

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• Medication for High Blood Pressure– Angiotensin II receptor blockers(ACE)• Interfere with the bodies production of

angiotensin, a chemical that causes the arteries to constrict (narrow)

– Vasodialators• Cause the muscle in the wall of the blood

vessels to relax, allowing the vessel to dialate (widen)

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• Medication for High Blood Pressure– Sympathetic nerve inhibitors• Sympathetic nerves go from the brain to all

parts of the body, including the arteries• Cause arteries to constrict raising blood

pressure• These drugs reduce blood pressure by

inhibiting these nerves from constricting blood vessels

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• Home Blood Pressure Monitoring–Mercury sphygmomanometer• Standard for BP monitoring• No calibration• May be bulky• Need a second person to use machine• May be difficult for hearing impaired or

patients with arthritis

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• Home Blood Pressure Monitoring– Aneroid equipment• Inexpensive, lightweight and portable• Two person operation/need stethoscope• Delicate mechanism, easily damaged• Needs calibration with mercury

sphygmomanometer

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation

Hypertension

• Home Blood Pressure Monitoring– Automatic equipment• Contained in one unit• Portable with easy-to-read digital display• Expensive, fragile• Must be calibrated• Requires careful cuff placement

Lifestyles, Fitnessand Rehabilitation