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Leek Moth Research Update2012-2015
Masanori SetoCornell University / New York State Agricultural Experiment Station
Allium School 2015Sept 14 & 15, 2015
Where are they?
LM distribution in North America
Plattsburgh, NYFirst detection
•1993 in Canada
•2009 in USA
What do they eat?
LM injury to leaves
(A) “Windowpane” damage (arrows) on onion; (B) Damage on leek; (C) Damage on garlic scape (arrow); (D) A damaged row of leeks
LM injury to leaves
(A) “Windowpane” damage (arrows) on onion; (B) Damage on leek; (C) Damage on garlic scape (arrow); (D) A damaged row of leeks
LM injury to bulbs
(A) Insect frass (arrow) indicates the entry of LM into onion bulb; (B) LM pupa (arrow) under the dry outer protective skin of onion bulb; (C) Insect frass (arrows) indicates the entries of LM into garlic bulbs.
Which Allium do they like?
How can we catch?
LM population monitoring
Pheromone trap with sticky card (three times a week)
Can we predict their emergence?
• Life-cycle model
After emergence it takes 4 days for adults to be ready for mating.
It takes about 3 days for oviposition (egg-laying)
LM complete their life cycle (egg to adult) for 443.85 degree-days
Life-cycle model to predict LM population
We can expect next generation emerges In 7 days + 443.85 degree-days
Num
ber o
f adu
lt m
ales
per
trap
/ Num
ber o
f lar
vae
per p
lant
Date
1st flight 3rd flight
2nd flight(B)7days + 443.85 ˚D apart
LM population fluctuation during growing season
How can I control?
Cultural control
Cultural control - Row cover
•Timing
•Affects yield
•Weeding
Biological control
Nematodes
• Steinernema feltiae is effective when used on leek.
• Not effective/reliable for onions.
• Plant architecture is the key.
S. feltiae
Diadromus pulchelus release in Canada
• D. pulchelus establishes and overwinters
• Parasitism rate ranges 10~20% in garlic fields
• Better control is expected as the population size grows.
Chemical control
Chemical control ~ Preventive control
(Olmstead & Shelton 2013)
Insecticide Labelrate/haa
2 DAT 4 DAT 8DAT
% mortality(± SE)b
% mortality(± SE)b
% mortality(± SE)b
lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior® II) 0.140 L 96.3 ± 3.7 a 81.0 ± 9.9 a 66.7 ± 5.4 b
spinetoram (Radiant® SC) 0.730 L 92.6 ± 4.9 a 95.2 ± 4.8 a 91.7 ± 5.4 a
methomyl (Lannate® LV) 3.505 L 81.5 ± 8.1 ab 85.7 ± 6.7 a 83.4 ± 8.9 ab
chlorantraniliprole (Coragen®) 0.365 L 77.8 ± 7.8 ab 90.5 ± 6.1 a 91.7 ± 5.4 a
spinosad (Entrust®) 0.140 Kg 66.7 ± 7.8 b 71.4 ± 15.3 a 70.9 ± 9.8 ab
Bt aizawai (Agree® WG) 2.243 Kg 14.8 ± 8.1 c 9.5 ± 6.2 b 16.7 ± 6.3 c
azadirachitin (Neemix® 4.5) 0.511 L 11.1 ± 5.6 c 14.3 ± 6.7 b 12.5 ± 8.8 c
Bt kurstaki (Dipel® DF) 1.121 Kg 11.1 ± 5.6 c 14.3 ± 9.9 b 12.5 ± 6.1 c
untreated check - 14.8 ± 8.1 c 19.1 ± 9.9 b 16.7 ± 12.6 c
Chemical control ~ Curative control
How to combine LM and onion thrips managements
How to combine LM and onion thrips managements
One additional spray
Conclusion
• LM activity can be predicted by pheromone trap.
• Various effective control methods are available for different agricultural scenarios.
• More control options for organic farmers need to be explored.
Research support:Michael Bolton
Jordi Llorens CalverasAlyssa CollinsDevan GeorgeYanyan Guo
Tim Harvey-SamuelPaul Hetzler
Amy Ivy
Xiaowei LiDaniel OlmsteadLindsey Pashaw
Ensi ShaoJinda Wang
&Master gardeners
Acknowledgment
Special thanks to:Bittersweet Farm
Cross Island Farms
Kent Family GrowersRehoboth Homestead
Pest Management Alternatives Program Grant2013‐34381‐21310
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