lecture 14 tourism in europe
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- 1. TDM 458International TourismAra Pachmayer
- 2. What are some ways that Europe has hada global influence throughout history?How might this impact tourism?
- 3. EU countries (and neighbors)Eastern Europe (former USSR sphere ofinfluence)Former USSR
- 4. The richer countries inEurope Germany France U.K. Italy Scandinavia Benelux (Belgium,Netherlands, Luxembourg) Poorer countries Spain Greece Portugal Not EU members Switzerland, Norway,Iceland Eastern EuropenewEU members
- 5. Recognition of importance of tourism industry Madrid Declaration of 2010 Consolidated Tourism Policy more integratedapproach Consolidate the image and profile of Europe Strengthen sustainable competitiveness of tourism Maximize potential of EU financial policies to developtourism Development/re-development projects Creation of the Schengen Area Common Currency Great benefit to tour operators and tourists alike!
- 6. Leader+European Regional Development Fund The ERDF aims to strengthen economic andsocial cohesion in the European Union bycorrecting imbalances between its regions InterregEuropean Social Fund The ESF sets out to improve employment and jobopportunities in the European Union
- 7. Only for very wealthy in pre- or early-railroad era Gardens Spas EducationIncrease through WWI Passport controls broke down through WWI Before WWI you could travel without a passport After WWI passport needed which was notaccessible to all
- 8. Sharp increase 1950-1970s Airline industry Traditional resorts (Spanish islands, Riviera, BlackSea)Sharp increase 1990s Eastern European destinations (collapse of USSRand independence) More remote locationsChanges in tourism geography over time Over time more people started to travel to EasternEurope
- 9. 2008 - Arrivals stagnate growing by only0.3%, Expenditures declined by 1% 2010 - grew by 3% finally some recovery, thoughexpenditures declined by .4% Northern and Western Europe hurt the worst in 2008 Netherlands declined by -8%, 10% growth in 2010! France -3%, 0% growth in 2010 UK -2%, still negative growth in 2010 2011 Europe 1 of the fastest growing regions (+6%) Tourism to Europe accounts for 51% of worlds arrivalsand 45% of expenditures
- 10. High in smaller states E.g., Cyprus, Estonia, Malta High in summer home states E.g. , Portugal, Spain Moderately high in most of Europe 8 to 14% Low in least-developed states Romania , Serbia, Macedonia
- 11. Negative population growthImmigration from colonialism Results in VFR tourism both inbound andoutboundAging Population May curtail travel to some regions and increasetravel to other regions
- 12. 58% of Europeanstook at least oneholiday of fourconsecutive nightsaway from home Close to 75% innorthern Europe
- 13. France: 39 days Germany: 27 days Netherlands: 25 days Great Britain: 23 days Canada: 20 days United States: 12 days Accepted vacation periods, e.g. Midsummer in Sweden, Finland, Estonia Pentecost in Bavaria August in Italy July August in France (through to La Rentre)
- 14. More people stayingcloser to home Larger decline intraditionaldestinations 2008 -> 2009 More people planto travel withincountry (43% >48%) More people planto travel to non-Euro countriesNYTimes
- 15. Culinary tourismNautical tourismEthnic / religion / lifestyletourismSpa / wellness/ healthtourismEcotourismCultural / heritage tourismDark tourism
- 16. http://www.aljazeera.com/video/europe/2011/10/20111029193514161433.html
- 17. Nordic States/ScandinaviaWestern EuropeMicrostatesEastern Europe
- 18. Economic crisisIsolationNatural DisastersFishing v. tourismViking heritageNature
- 19. EU Types of Tourism Vikings Fjords Ancestral tourism Cottages
- 20. Liberal country in the Nordic region Royal family Cottages Cross-border shopping Nature Allemansrtten the Right of Public Access @sweden Twitter http://curatorsofsweden.com/about/#content Influence on Tourism?
- 21. LakesLaplandSecond homesRelationship with Russia and EstoniaSami culture
- 22. Includes UK (Scotland, England, Wales, N.Ireland) and the Republic of Ireland Contentious issues to say British IslesIssues Terrorism Separatist movements and nationalism EUTypes of Tourism
- 23. MEDITERRANEANEUROPE
- 24. History Issues in Tourism Tourism Development Large developments in the coastal regions TerrorismSeparatism
- 25. Heritage and Cultural Sites More WHS than any other countryIssues Low or negative population growth Rural country, agricultural, move to tourismdevelopment as unable to maintain agricultural positionwithout children to take over Costal Development for tourism Same as SpainVenice Flooding http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/12/venice-floods-photos_n_2115886.html
- 26. Role in historyEmpire and center of the worldArchipelago situationConflict with MacedoniaEconomic situationNew Markets for tourism
- 27. Small size Small populations Small economies Postage Stamp Countries TourismVery important part of the economy of mostmicrostates Countries Andorra Monaco San Marino Liechtenstein Vatican City SMOM collection of buildings within a palazzo inMalta is it even a country??
- 28. Tourism under communismCollapse of Communism (1989-1992)Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Yugoslaviaand CzechoslovakiaResulting instability, political unrest andother problems for the region All of which creates challenges for tourism
- 29. Yugoslavia formerly the mosteconomically attractive EasternEuropean country Not aligned with USSR (not quite as tightlycontrolled economically) Death of strongman Tito (in 1980) put an end tostability (though signs of ethnic tension go as farback as 1970s) However....multiple ethnicities, nationalitiesand religions
- 30. War from 1990 orso on to recent(GenerallyPeaceful now) Genocide / ethniccleansing
- 31. Tourism in Eastern Europe led to major increase in arrivals (VFR and Leisure) Increased travel by East Europeans out of the region Countries Hungary Lake, second home, diaspora, spa tourism Czech Republic Heritage cities, nature, cosmopolitan and historic cityof Prague, popular with expats, diaspora tourism Slovakia Less developed, nature-based tourism in mountainsalong border with Poland
- 32. Poland Diaspora travel, heritage cities, holocaust Direct flights from Chicago and other US cities toPoland on LOT airlines Albania Underdeveloped, before and after communism Slovenia Mountains and natural features, historic cities,closeness to Italy helps tourism Croatia Coastal resorts, heritage cities Estonia less expensive, WHS, well preserved, Cruises Romania Communist heritage, Dracula tourism
- 33. Geographically and, to some extent culturally, a part of Asia and theMiddle East However, Turkey sees itself as part of Europe Secular rule, but some degree of political repression Campaigning for admission to EU Economic benefits Also, Turkey and Greece historically enemies -- and Greece is part of EU Formal applicant, but admission not likely any time soon (cultural issues,size, politics) Politically stable (authoritarian govt), but its an unstable region
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