learning in the 21 st century: alignment, engagement, adjustment, & relationships
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Learning in the 21st Century:Alignment, Engagement, Adjustment, & Relationships
Prepared especially for the
Constitution Elementary & Sunrise ElementaryProfessional Learning Networks
by Daniel Mulligan, Ed. D.August 2010
Give One … Get One … On the back of your handout, write one
essential understanding that is an intended outcome of the PBL developed last spring. Think and be creative.
When signaled, circulate the room to meet a colleague from your sister school. Tell one good thing about your summer, then give him/her your answer to the first question and get their answer.
You need a total of 2 answers. You may not get more than one idea from an individual. When you have completed your task, return to your seat.
Enjoy!
Premise of the WorkshopAs the United States continues to compete in a
global economy that demands innovation, the U.S. education system must equip students with the
four Cs:1. critical thinking and problem solving,2. communication, 3. collaboration, and 4. creativity and innovation.
"For as long as assessment is viewed as something we do ’after’ teaching and learning are over, we will
fail to greatly improve student performance, regardless of how well or how poorly students are
currently taught or motivated."Grant Wiggins, 1998
The Great Marshmallow
ChallengeUnobtrusive Assessment
Build the Tallest Freestanding Structure:
The winning team is the one that has the tallest structure measured from the table top surface to the top of the marshmallow. That means
the structure cannot be suspended from a higher structure, like a chair, ceiling or chandelier.
Things to Understand Build the Tallest Freestanding Structure: The winning team is the one
that has the tallest structure measured from the table top surface to the top of the marshmallow. That means the structure cannot be suspended from a higher structure, like a chair, ceiling or chandelier.
The Entire Marshmallow Must be on Top: The entire marshmallow needs to be on the top of the structure. Cutting or eating part of the marshmallow disqualifies the team.
Use as Much or as Little of the Kit: The team can use as many or as few of the 20 spaghetti sticks, as much or as little of the string or tape. The team cannot use the bag as part of their structure.
Break up the Spaghetti, String or Tape: Teams are free to break the spaghetti, cut up the tape and string to create new structures.
The Challenge Lasts 18 minutes: Teams cannot hold on to the structure when the time runs out. Those touching or supporting the structure at the end of the exercise will be disqualified.
Ensure Everyone Understands the Rules: Don’t worry about repeating the rules too many times. Repeat them at least three times. Ask if anyone has any questions before starting.
AND THE
TALLEST STRUCTURE IS
The FINDINGS Kids do Better than Business Students: On virtually every measure of
innovation, kindergarteners create taller and more interesting structures.
Prototyping Matters: The reason kids do better than business school students is kids spend more time playing and prototyping. They naturally start with the marshmallow and stick in the sticks. The Business School students spend a vast amount of time planning, then executing on the plan, with almost no time to fix the design once they put the marshmallow on top.
The Marshmallow is a Metaphor for the Hidden Assumptions of a Project: The assumption in the Marshmallow Challenge is that marshmallows are light and fluffy and easily supported by the spaghetti sticks. When you actually try to build the structure, the marshmallows don’t seem so light. The lesson in the marshmallow challenge is that we need to identify the assumptions in our project – what students must know and be able to do, how we will know when they understand it, what we will do if they do not understand it, what we will do when they understand it, the real student needs - and assess them early and often. That’s the mechanism that leads to effective assessment innovation.
Establishing Aligned
Curriculum
Creating Differentiated
Learning
Creating Valid and Reliable Assessment
Category Ave. Effect
Size (ES)
Percentile Gain
Identify similarities & differences
1.61 45
Summarizing & note taking 1.00 34Reinforcing effort & providing recognition
.80 29
Homework & practice .77 28Nonlinguistic representations .75 27Cooperative learning .73 27*Setting objectives & providing feedback*
.61 23
Generating & testing hypotheses .61 23Questions, cues, & advance organizers
.59 22
SAMPLEPre-
assessmentthat includes differentiation
WHAT’S MY RULE?Theme: Geometry
YES NoTriangle CubeRectangle PyramidSquare PentagonQuadrilateral Octagon
Rule: Plane figures with less than 5 sides.
50 POINTS 50 POINTS 50 POINTS
100 POINTS 100 POINTS
200 POINTS
Governor of ArizonaJan Brewer
Organizing Theme:Things someone would say…
President of North Korea
Kim Jong-il
Lady GaGaGeneral Stanley McChrystal
Vice PresidentJoe Biden
CEO of BPTony Hayward
FAMOUS PEOPLE SUMMER
2010Edition
Page 14EL #2
(*also, BL)
50 POINTS 50 POINTS 50 POINTS
100 POINTS 100 POINTS
200 POINTS
Health/PE
Wellness
Equipment
Body Mass
Nutrition
EnduranceMovement
50 POINTS 50 POINTS 50 POINTS
100 POINTS 100 POINTS
200 POINTS
FINE ARTS
ILLUSION ARCHITECTURE
VISUAL
COMPOSER
MELODY
RHYTHM
Essential questions of a Professional Learning Community
What is it we expect them to learn?
How will we know when they have learned it?
How will we respond when they don’t learn?
How will we respond when they already know it?
Summative ResultsDo your results meet or exceed your SMART goals?
Assessment Tool
Do you need to repeat the learning cycle?
RTI Enrichments
What will you do if they already know it?
RTI InterventionsWhat will you do if they don’t know it?
Assessment Tool
How will you know that they know it?
Standards
What do you want all students to know and be able to do?
Systemizing the Learning Process
Number of Assessments Effect Size Percentile Gain
0 0 01 0.34 13.55 0.53 20.0
10 0.60 22.515 0.66 24.520 0.71 26.025 0.78 28.530 0.82 29.0
Achieved Gain Associated with NumberOf Assessments
Effect sizes are from data reported by Bangert-Drowns, Kulik & Kulik, 1991
• Complete data analysis• Compare data to
predictions• Summarize what
was learned
• What changes are to be made?
• Next cycle?• Adopt, adapt, or abandon??
• Carry out the plan• Document
problems• and unexpected• observations• Begin analysis• of the data
• Objective• Questions and predictions
(why)• Plan to carry out the cycle
(who, what, where, when)
Plan DoStud
y
Act
SMART Goals
S – Specific
M – Measureable
A – Attainable
R – Realistic
T – Time-Bound Goals
Review Student
Performance Data
KNOW THE TARGET
Determine Programmatic Instructional
Strengths and Weaknesses
KNOW THE TARGET
Determine Programmatic Instructional
Strengths and Weaknesses
Great Sites for Imageshttp://www.teachers.ash.org.au/jeather/maths/
dictionary2.swf
“The real voyage of discovery exists not in seeking new lands but rather in seeing with new
eyes.”~Victoria Bernard
HTTP://WWW.ADE.AZ.GOV/STANDARDS/Determine
Programmatic Instructional
Strengths and Weaknesses
Working in 2 person teams:
1. Study the appropriate released AIMS test items in mathematics.
2. Review your grade-level academic standards in mathematics.
3. Identify concepts that form the foundation for skills necessary to be successful with AIMS. (Consider if these skills can be taught differently.)
4. Prepare to share with the team.
5. Enjoy working with your peers.
Go to: http://www.ade.az.gov/Select: Standards and AssessmentSelect: Mathematics Resource PageSelect: AIMS Sample TestsScroll to: AIMS Mathematics Sample Tests and Think-ThroughsSelect the appropriate test.
NUTS TO YOUPASS
NOTPASS
EXCEEDS
MEETS
APPROACHING
BELOW
rubistar.4teachers.org
STAGE 2Develop an outline of an assessment that will provide evidence of student understanding of one of the concepts identified in stage 1.
What will you accept as evidence of understanding that is:a. far below; b. approaching; c. meeting; d. exceedingthat which is required of the standard.
Prepare to share your assessment with your grade-level PLC.
TAKING IT TO THE NEXT LEVELStrategies to Target Improve Learning and
Understanding
Data Walls (Boards)
Student Portfolios
Student-led Conferences
Research Best
Practices
STAGE 3page 3 & 4 powerteachers.net
STAGE 4
Following are some suggestions: A table of contents Solutions to difficult problems that detail problem-solving abilities The use of mathematics in another discipline Problems created by the student An example of the student's group activity A written report on a major topic in math The student's written account of his or her growth in mathematics Responses to challenging questions and problems A written explanation of the contents of the portfolio
http://www.kids-learn.org/
STAGE 5
Research Best
Practices
Category Ave. EffectSize (ES)
Percentile Gain
Identify similarities & differences 1.61 45
Summarizing & note taking 1.00 34
Reinforcing effort & providing recognition
.80 29
Homework & practice .77 28
Nonlinguistic representations .75 27
Cooperative learning .73 27
*Setting objectives & providing feedback*
.61 23
Generating & testing hypotheses .61 23
Questions, cues, & advance organizers .59 22
STAGE 2
Working in 2 person teams:
1. Study at the released AIMS test items in mathematics.
2. Study your grade-levels academic standards in mathematics.
3. Identify concepts that form the foundation for skills necessary to be successful with AIMS that can be taught differently.
4. Prepare to share with the team.
5. Enjoy working with your peers.
Develop School
Improvement Objectives
SMART Goals
S – Specific
M – Measureable
A – Attainable
R – Realistic
T – Time-Bound Goals
SMART GOALSAs a grade-level PLC, develop a
series of 3 – 5 SMART GOALS for this year.
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