late renaissance n. europe spain

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for Ms. Fuentes AP Art History Class

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Late Renaissance in NorthernEurope and Spain

Continued…..

Northern Renaissance

• term: “Northern Renaissance”– more of a grafting or fusion of Italian

innovations with local traditions• difference from Italy:

– neither heritage of Antiquity’s ideals nor beautyof human anatomy consistently manifested

– focus• extreme states of emotion• visible surface appearance

Northern Renaissance• context: Protestant Reformation

– Martin Luther (1483-1546)• pivotal figure• publication of Ninety-five

Theses (1517)– justification by faith

alone instead of by goodworks

– attacked indulgences ofCatholic Church

– led to breaking away ofmost north Germanstates from Church ofRome

Northern Renaissance• Iconoclasms in N. Europe• Some art destroyed, other artists

stove to represent figures w/ocreating “pagan idols”

• Durer represents thecombination of N. Renaissancerealism with the Italian concernfor size and monumnetality

Bosch’s Earthly Delights

• Bosch’s Earthly Delights– “Third Day of Creation”

• patron: aristocratic• theme: Humanist• outer panel when closed• complete work consists of

four paintings on a seriesof folding panels

• scale: large– center panel > 7’ x 6’

Hieronymous Bosch, Garden of Earthly Delights, oil on wood, 7’2” x 3’2”, 1505-1515,now in Prado, Madrid. Allegory of evil, symbolism, and some say surrealism.

Garden of Earthly Delights Video

Center panel - flashcard

• Hieronymus Bosch– Garden of Earthly Delights

(c. 1510-15)• subject: Sin• narrative: allegorical

– humans’ inability tosave themselves

– alchemy (?)• mood: fantastic &

nightmarish vision– antecedents in recent

Gothic past– over 1K figures

Hell panel from Bosch

• Bosch’s Earthly Delights– “Hell”

• setting: dark world of fire & ice

• theme: sensual pleasuresturned into elements oftorture

• figures: hybrid forms,unnatural unions

• color: vibrant• light/shadow:

chiaroscuro• aerial perspective: night

Annunciation and Virgin of theRosary, painted & giltlimewood, 12’2” x 10’6”, 1517,Nuremberg.

Velt Stoss

Northern Europe artists madeintricately carved altarpiecesand sculptures from wood

Hagenaur’s St. Anthony Enthroned, Shrine of the Isenheim Altarpiece (open)

Isenheim Altarpiece, oil on wood, Matthias Grunewald… 9’9” x 10’9”, 1515.. Isenheim,France-3 views, made for hospital of people suffering St. Anthony’s disease, ergotism,agony of ergotism shown in Christ (amputation in next view)

Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, first opening…

Albrecht Dürer, Self-Portrait,oil on wood, 26’ x 19”, 1500

flashcard

Christ-like pose, notblasphemous, human creativityas a reflection of God’s divinity

Frontality, symmetry, triangularcomposition

Combined Italianmonumentality w/N. Europeanprecision (van Eyck?)

Duhrer studied in Italy, was alsoprintmaker/engraver

Four Horsemen of theApocalypse, woodcut, Durer,1498.

Book of Revelations (Bible),Gothic forms inspired byMantegna

No background, no divisionbetween earth and heaven

Famine (scales), war (sword),death (pitchfork), and pestilence(bow)

Crowded composition, horsemenride over dead bodies

flashcard

Artist: Albrecht DürerTitle: Adam and EveMedium: EngravingSize: 9⅞ X 7⅝" (25.1 X19.4 cm)Date: 1504Contrapossto figures withclassical sculpture influenceFour humors - rabbit(energy), elk (sad), ox(lethargic), cat (angry).Mouse = Satan, parrot =clever, Adam tries todissuade EveDetailed in northerntraditionflashcard

Four Apostles, Durer

Oil on wood, 7” x 30” eachpanel, 1526

Four humors AGAIN… Johnsanguine, Paul melancholic,Mark choleric, Peterphlegmatic

Italian size, N. Europeanattention to detail

Peter = Pope in rome,shown in shadow

Mark and Paul on right

Danube Landscape, Albrecht Alttdorfer

Oil on vellum on wood panel, 12” x 8”

1525

Landscapes became very popular inNorthern Europe…

Altdorfer and Bruegel were 2 famouslandscape artists from this era…..

Bruegel although he studied in Italy, didnot show much Italian influence…

Return of the Hunters, Pieter Bruegel, oil on wood, 1565, part of series of seasonalpaintings. Hunters are peasant types; strong diagonals in picture. Typical scene ratherthan a specific narrative. Winter landscape in Belgium. FLASHCARD

In SPAIN, El Greco studiedMannerism in Italy.. . Thenreturned to create dramatic,interesting compositions

Burial of Count Orgaz, oil oncanvas, 1585…

Tomb located directly below thepainting. Paintingcommissioned 300 yrs after hisdeath! Great philanthropist,.

Combo of Venetian color,Spanish mysticism, Mannerismfigures

View of Toledo, oil oncanvas; 47” x 42”,1610

Metropolitan Museumof Art, New York

El Greco

Also paintedlandscapes, withdrama of mannerismand expressivebrushstrokes and color

Henry VIII, Hans Holbein, oilon wood, 32” 29”,

Holbein was court painter inEngland

Showed monumentality ofKing Henry VIII< who was avery large man

Mannerist influence

flashcard

Some women artist, such asCaterina van Hemessen in herSelf-portrait, worked in theNorthern Renaissance as well…

Princess Elizabeth, Levina BeningTeerlinc, 42” x 32”, 1559

Levina was court painter inEngland, skilled portraitist.

This portrait is in Windsor Castletoday!

Girl with the Pearl Earring

Vermeer

Scenes of daily life

Excelled in luminous lighting

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