kingdom fungi - napa valley college · 4/21/2012 phylum chytridiomycota phylum zygomycota phylum...

4/21/2012

PHYLUM CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA

PHYLUM ZYGOMYCOTA

PHYLUM ASCOMYCOTA

PHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTABASIDIOMYCETES

HYMENOMYCETESGASTEROMYCETES

TELIOMYCETESUSTOMYCETES

Mycology- study of fungi Shelf fungi: BasidiomyceteYeast: Ascomycete

Rhizopus: Zygomycete

KINGDOM FUNGI

Allomyces: Chytrids

CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL FUNGI

MORE THAN 70,000 SPECIESHETEROTROPHIC THALLUS (LACK VASCULATURE)

PLANTTHEY LIVE EVERYWHERE!

MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO ANIMALS THAN PLANTS• CELL WALL: CHITIN• STORAGE MOLECULE: GLYCOGEN

ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE MAINLY BY SPORES

PRINCIPLE DECOMPOSERS NECESSARY FOR CONTINUED LIFE

COMPOSITION: HYPHAE (ASEPTATE/SEPTATE)MYCELIUM

Amanita Muscaria

MITOSIS/MEIOSIS- NUCLEAR MEMBRANE STAYS INTACT

LIKE PLANTS: SESSILE NATURE

CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA: CHYTRIDS• ROUGHLY 790 SPECIES

• MOSTLY AQUATIC AND COENOCYTIC• BELIEVED TO HAVE EVOLVED FROM PROTISTS• ONLY PHYLUM WITH FAGELLATED-SPORES AND CENTRIOLES• ALTERATION OF GENERATIONS: SPORIC MEIOSIS

Allomycetes- Anisogamy gametangia Synchytriun endobioticum: Black wart of potatoes

CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA: CHYTRIDS

ZYGOMYCOTA• ROUGHLY 1,060 SPECIES• MOST SAPROPHYTIC, CAN BE PARASITIC • FORM SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS WITH PLANTS• RHIZOPUS AND CHOANEPHORA ARE DIFFERENT GENERA OF

ZYGOMYCETES THAT CAUSE DISEASE IN LIVING PLANT TISSUE.

Rhizopus Stolonifer choanephora cucurbitarum

Zygomycota

4/21/2012

ASCOMYCOTA• ROUGHLY 33,000 SPECIES• MANY PLANT PATHOGENS• MANY YEASTS • MOST OF THE LICHEN-FORMING FUNGAL SPECIES BELONG HERE• EITHER UNICELLULAR OR FILAMENTOUS GROWTH FORMS• SOME ARE HOMOTHALLIC AND OTHERS ARE HETEROTHALLIC

Tuber melanoeporum: TrufflesCaloplaca saxicola: lichens

ASCOMYCOTA

BASIDIOMYCOTA

• PHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTA: 3 DIVISIONS• BASIDIOMYCETES

HYMENOMYCETES- SPORES PRODUCED ON SPECIAL VISIBLE HYMENIUM STRUCTURE

GASTEROMYCETES- HYMENIUM IS ENCLOSED UNTIL AFTER SPORES HAVE MATURED

Hymenomytes:Agaricus bisporusGastromycete: Crucibulum laeve

BASIDIOMYCOTA

• TELIOMYCETES: PLANTS PATHOGENS THAT FORM RUST ON LEAVES

• USTOMYCETES: PARASITES OF FLOWERING PLANTS

Teliomycetes: Puccinia graminis, Wheat rustUstomycetes: Ustilago maydis, Corn smut

BASIDIOMYCOTA

• Cultivated Mushroom Agaricus sp.

FUNGI

FACTS

Bioluminescent Fungi:Neonothopanus gardneri

Chernobyl Fungus Feeds On Radiation

•TOLYCLADIUM INFLATUM- CYCLOPORIN PRODUCTION PREVENTS REJECTION OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTS

• MANY IMPORTANT SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS LIKE THE FUNGUS “GARDENS” FOR ANTS

•ANTIBIOTICS- PENICILLIN

•MICORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS

•FOOD: WINE AND BEERCHEESE

BIOLUMINESCENT FUNGI NATIVE TO BRAZILCHERNOBYL FUNGI GROWTH WITH THE PRODUCTION MELANIN