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Rice Culture, a Heritage of Asian History
July 5~7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Dr .Yoo Man HUH
Vice President, ICID
Rep. of KOREA
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Structure of the presentation
1 Paddy Farming
2 Economic Aspects
3 Cultural & Social Aspects
4 Multi-functionality of Paddy Farming
5 Conclusions
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Paddy farming is…
In Wikipedia
“a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice andother semi aquatic crops.
Paddy fields are a typical feature of rice-growing countries
of east and southeast Asiaincluding Malaysia, China, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand,
Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, Indonesia, India, andthe Philippines.”
1
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Population
Arable land
Trend of population & Arable land
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Paddy farming
Hay stacks on stilts in paddy field ,Karnataka(L.Shyamal, 2006)
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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Scarecrow: A paddy field in Japan (Wikipedia, 2007)
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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Paddy farming
Rice terraces, Longji, Guangxi Province, China(Doron, May 2000)
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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Paddy farming
Terrace rice fields in Yunnan Province, China(Jialiang Gao, 2003)
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Paddy farming
The photo of paddy field in India.(Nvineeth, 2006)
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Origin of Rice
Widespread in Asian(East and Southeast)Origin of “Rice” : from Ancient India Sanskrit
Vrihi, Ni, Nuan
Similar Korean “Non” for paddy field
Malaysia, the Philippines-”Badi”, “Bindi” for ricein Korean “Beo”- meaning rice grain
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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Origin of Rice
Rice (genus Oryza) is tolerant to hot, humid,
flooded conditions and grows in saline, alkaline and
acidic soils.
Of 23 Oryza species, two are cultivated: Oryza sativa
, which originated in the humid tropics of Asia, and
O. glaberrima, from West Africa.
Asian cultivated rice has evolved into three eco-
geographic races - indica, japonica and javanica
(Source:International year of rice 2004,IRRI).
Source: http://www.fao.org/rice2004/en/rice-us.htm
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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Paddy farming in Asia
Cultural & Social
Aspects
Economic
Aspects
Environmental
Aspects
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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Rice in Asia
IRRI :
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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Rice in Korea
BC 300 – AD 670
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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Cliiper Russel(Eco-
economist)Paddy field with goldenwave and scarecrowwith white garment in
fall is the one of theattractive scenery inthe world
Paddy Fields Landscape
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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Economic aspects of rice
Rice production
China India Indo Bang JP USA Kr
50
100
150
200
Million ton
1
2
34
9
11.3
12
7.49.6
11
2
4 S i i S i 200
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2 Economic aspects of rice
INWEPF 4 h S i M i d S i J l 5 7 2007
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2 Economic aspects of rice
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Rice price outlook
Source: USDA, Rice Outlook
Dollar/tonMedium grain
Long grain
2 Economic aspects of rice
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•International rice supply and outlook
Class
2004/0
5
2005/06
(Estimate)
2006/07(outlook) Change(%)
2006.12 2007.1 Previous year
PreviousmonthProducti
on400.5 415.5 416.4 415.0 -0.1 -0.3
Supply 485.6 493.7 496.8 495.5 0.4 -0.3
Consume 407.7 413.2 418.2 417.7 1.1 -0.1
Trade 28.4 27.8 28.2 28.9 4.0 2.7
Stock In previous yr
%
78.2 80.4 78.6 77.7 -3.4 -1.1
19.2 19.5 18.8 18.6
Source: USDA, World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates, January 12, 2007.
(Unit: million ton)
2 Economic aspects of rice
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Cultural & Social Aspects of rice3
Paddy Fields turn yellow in Autumn, KOREA
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In the Mythology of GoChosun
Mother of Ju-mong, “Gog Mo Sin”, Goddess to
manage the agriculture Tradition to lay kernels of rice on the mat in the
palanquin
One of the important role of mother is to
manage the rice kernel for their family survival To serve their ancestor shrine by pure rice
Rice, in the middle of Korean history
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Meaning of Rice in Chinese Character
88 times hand care until harvest.
Rice day? August 18米
How many processes needed for rice?Shape of rice head?
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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Life Cycle of Rice
Plant: intensive labor
Harvest: Alcohol drink,Rice cake, soft drink,sweets, snack, etc. morethan hundreds
Post harvest: Thatch-
Mat” ”멍석 , shoes ” 집쌔
”기
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Rice and Culture in Korea
“ ”성주대감 Sung JuDae Gam, Pot to keeprice at home, treat as asanctuary.
“Sung ju”: a householdguardian, tutelary deity
Function of the pot: tomake household blessedand comfortable
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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Feet is twisted when stepping rice kernels.
Spoiling rice makes abort.
Rice storage represents generosity of the
household.
Rice in the Proverbs
Tradition to respect rice, andIt goes with history of Korea rooted in the life
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Rice in the Korean Culture (Poem)
나 는 듣 고 있 네
내 안 에 들 어 와
피 가 되 고 살 이 되 고
뼈 가 되 는
한 톨 의 쌀 의 노 래
그 가 춤 추 는 소 리 를
쌀 의 고 운 웃 음
가 득 히 흔 들 리 는 우 리 의 겸 허 한 들 판 은
꿈 에 서 도 잊 을 수 없 네
하 얀 쌀 을 씻 어
밥 을 안 치 는 엄 마 의 마 음 으 로
날 마 다 새 롭 게
희 망 을 안 쳐 야 지
적 은 양 의 쌀 이 불 어
많 은 양 의 밥 이 되 듯
적 은 분 량 의 사 랑 으 로 도
나 눌 수 록 넘 쳐 나 는 사 랑 의 기 쁨
갈 수 록 살 기 힘 들 어 도
절 망 하 지 말 아 야 지
밥 을 뜸 들 이 는 기 다 림 으 로
모 락 모 락 피 어 오 르 는 희 망 으 로
내 일 의 식 탁 을 준 비 해 야 지 .
- 이해 인 -
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Rice in the Music and Dancing
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Rice and Culture in Asia
Paddy solved housing, food and fuel in traditional farm village
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Rice in Asia
Source: M. A. Bell et. Al., 2000, Research for development: IRRI’s in country roles p9-10
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Rice in Asia
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Rice area in the world
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Rice in Asia
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Rice is• The main source of employment, income
and nutrition in many poor, food insecureregions of the world
• Calories source of 530 million people less
than US $1 a day, about 60-70 % of totalfood intake.• Principal activity and source of income for
about 100 million households in Asia and
AfricaSource: M. A. Bell et. Al., 2000, Research for development: IRRI’s in country roles p9-10
Rice in Asia
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Rice is a major daily life in Asian
countries
Rice is a central part of many cultures and
some countries even credit rice cultivation
with the development of their civilization. It
is remarkable that almost every culture has
its own way of harvesting, processing and
eating rice and these different traditionsare, in fact, part of the world's cultural
heritage(FAO, 2004).
Source: http://www.fao.org/rice2004/en/rice-us.htm
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Rice has been a life for long times
Thousands of years ago, people from East
to South Asia settled throughout river
deltas and domesticated wild rice.
The productivity of wetland rice crops led to
population growth and to the development
of society and civilization.
Source: http://www.fao.org/rice2004/en/rice-us.htm
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g g y p y ,
Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice versus culture
Rice cultivation, the intense labour needed Social habits and landscape shapedCommunity structures and a corresponding
culture of rice created Inspired songs, paintings, stories, festivals
Rice culture created Asian’s culture, custom,
Tradition and life style.
Source: M. A. Bell et. Al., 2000, Research for development: IRRI’s in country roles p9-10
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g g y p y ,
Bangkok ,Thailand
Multi-functionality of paddy farming
Food security
Flood controlGroundwater recharge
Reduction of soil loss
Air purification
Enhancement of biodiversity
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g g y p y ,
Bangkok ,Thailand
Conclusions
Not just economic approach because it is
a matter of identity: not just a matter of foodand cost
-Asia, central part of culture
-Principal source of income for 100 mill house
a matter of life
-expensive, not give a birth?
-why you invest for emergency, food?
5
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g g y p y ,
Bangkok ,Thailand
Peculiarity of Asian monsoon region
- Climate conditions and regional characteristicsare totally different from non paddy areas
- climate change and diverse functions of paddyfarming should be taken into account
Social and traditional components should beconsidered for policy making in the paddyfarming in Asia ,especially in monsoon and
tropical region.
5 Conclusions
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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