josep guerrero as keynote speaker at energycon2014

MICROGRID TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUTURE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATIONS

MicroGr dRESEARCH

PROGRAMME

Prof. Josep M. GuerreroMicrogrid Research Programme – Aalborg University

MicroGrid Research programme: www.microgrids.et.aau.dk Dubrovnik 2014/5/16

Outline

Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU

Microgrid Definition and Operation

Microgrid Research Programme in AAU

Microgrid Research activities and laboratories

Electrical Vehicle Charging Station Project

General aspects of a MicroGrid: “Definition and Operation”

What is a Microgrid? Renewable Energy Resources

Main Utility Grid

Compressed Air System

Electric Vehicles

Batteries

Household appliances and electronics

Flywheel

Power Electronics

DC Coupled Subsystem

Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids

Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 3

General aspects of a MicroGrid: “Definition and Operation”

MicroGrids are defined according to the IEEE Std 1547.4-2011

Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of DR Island Systems with EPS. Aproved July 2011.

The term DR island systems, sometimes referred to as microgrids, is used for electrical power systems (EPS) as:

1. Have DR and load

2. Have the ability to disconnect from and parallel with the area EPS include the local EPS and may include portions of the area EPS, and

3. Include the local EPS and may include

portions of the area EPS, and they are

intentionally planned.

DR island systems can be either local or area EPS islands

Primary Control

Tertiary Control

Secondary Control

Modeling + Inner loops + droop Control (P/Q Sharing).

Hierarchical Control for MicroGrids

Power Import/export from/to the grid.

f/V Restoration (Island) Synchronization (Island to grid Connected mode)

Microgrids Concerns…Islanding capability and independenceEnergy cost saving and high efficiency

System recovery under faults (selfheal)

P/Q flow Control

From primary to tertiary control, the

communication bandwidth is reduced

Power Quality enhancement

Why smart micro Grids?

MicroGrid Research programme: www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Problem: Harmonics in MicrogridsPossible solutions:- One DG unit could give more harmonics than

another. (harmonic current sharing)- Voltage Harmonic Reduction (Control strategies

for HC)

Issues in MicroGrids: Power Quality

Problem: Unbalances in MicrogridsPossible solutions:- By means of sec. control, PCC voltage

unbalances can be compensated by control signals to the primary level.

- Voltage Unbalance Compensation (Control strategies)

Test and verification that the proposed solutions follow the European power quality standards IEC 61727 and IEC 61000-3-6.

Issues in a Microgrid

Distribution network with multiple MG setup

Centralized Control Distributed control

7Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU

Timbus et Al. Management of DER Using Standarized Communications and modern Technologies

Communication model provided by IEC 61850 & IEC 61400-25 to describe the

physical devices in the network model.

Issues in MicroGrids: Communications

• Study meter-bus technology solutions to integrate smart meters and data concentrators according to EN13757.•Develop different levels of communications architectures for residential AMI following IEC61968-9 (interface standard for meter reading and control).•Integrate smart meters and data concentrators in different levels of wireless and meshed network architectures, according to EN13757-5 (standard for radio mesh meter-bus) and EN13757-4 (wireless meter-bus).

Issues in MicroGrids: Protections

Renewable Energy Resources

Main Utility Grid

Compressed Air System

Electric Vehicles

Batteries

Household appliances and electronics

Flywheel

Power Electronics

DC Coupled Subsystem

Source Protection Network Protection Bidirectional Protection

Intelligent Control and Protection Methods applied to MicroGrids

MicroGrid Research

2012103

DSO 1.42 rmb/kWh

1.00 rmb/kWh

Auto-consumption

Microgrids in China – Business Model

Voltage Levels 380V; 10kV Installed Capacity 1MW;

1MW 5 MW‐ ; 5 MW – 50 MW;

2 MW PV Microgrid@Yushu

PV Microgrid in China

Tens of Demonstration Microgrids Constructed

Microgrids in China – 30 MicroGrids

“12th Five Years” period in China 30 microgrid demonstration projects ：10 islanded microgrid demonstrations

20 grid-connected microgrid demonstrations

= 30 Microgrid demonstration Total Power: 1.2 GW

Outline

Issues in a Microgrid

Centralized production in the mid 80’s Decentralized production of today

District heating and CHP have reduced Denmark’s CO2-emission by 1/5.

Denmark Grid Concept

Smart grid in Denmark – Hourly pricing

Traditional consumer Future prosumer Passive Active Only loads – fixed by the consumer Shiftable loads/generation No storage Storage systems/EV Electricity/thermal energy not coupled Manual management EMS take care of global energy objectives

Load-dependent power quality Power quality system control

Unidirectional power flow Bidirectional power flow according to energy hourly pricing, etc.

Considers only local residential energy Considers both local-residential and global-neighborhood energy requirements

Smart Grid StrategyDanish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Building

May 201350%

consumers remotely

read hourly meters

Model for hourly

settle and variable

tariffs Wholesale and retail markets ready to manage flexible electricity consumption

Energy Sector

Shifting the energy paradigm

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Residential Microgrids - 2013 DK Smart Grid Strategy

(2015 hourly electricity pricing)

Hydrogen Communities (Vestenkov, Lolland) – IRD Small remote/isolated Microgrids

Large remote Microgrids:

Geographical islands

(70 habited islands in DK)

Microgrid technologies applications in Denmark

Potential areas

Samsø Island : 100% Renewable Energy

4,000 people22 villages11 x 1MW-WT10 x 2MW offshore WT

The turbines supply more power than the residents need— Exports 80 million kWh wind-produced electricity annuallyHeating plant in Nordby relies on wood chips to create hot water and heat for the villagers. Many rural Samsingers also install highly efficient wood boilers in their homes if they cannot be connected to one of the district heating plants. 70 % of the island's heat and hot water needs

Bornholm Island MicroGrid

The Bornholm power system consists of the following main components:

132/60 kV substation in Sweden Connection between Sweden and Bornholm 60 kV network 10 kV network 0.4 kV network Loads Customers Generation units Control room Communication system Biogas plant “Biokraft” District heating systems

Outline

Aalborg University

Aalborg University was created with the establishment of a number of new faculties in 1974.Aalborg University is characterised by its education form of Problem Based Project (PBL) – also known as the Aalborg model.The number of students is around 15,000.

• Approximately 40 faculty members• Approximately 70 PhD students• Approximately 250 students• Approximately 20 TAPs (technical administrative employees)• Approximately 50% of the turnover comes from external projects

Organisation – Department of Energy Techonolgy

Electric Power

Systems

Wind Turbine Systems

Fluid Power in Wind and Wave Energy

Biomass

Microgrids

Modern Power Transmission Systems

Smart Grids and Active Networks

Fuel Cell and Battery Systems

Automotive and Industrial Drives

Thermal Energy

Systems

Power Electronic Systems

Electrical Machines

Fluid Power Mechatronic

Systems

Mechanics and

Combustion

Multi-disciplinary Research Programmes

Photovoltaic Systems

Institute of Energy Technology

John K. PedersenHead of the Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University.

Programme Purpose

MicroGrid Research Programme Areas

AC MicroGrids

DC MicroGrids

Modeling

Control & Operation

Energy Storage

Protection

Power Quality

Standard-based ICT

Networked Control

EMS & Optimization

Multi-Agents

MICROGRID RESEARCH PROGRAMME

MICROGRID RESEARCH TEAMMICROGRID RESEARCH TEAM @ AALBORGPhDs

P. Coordinators

Josep M. Guerrero

Post DocsTomislav DragicevicDC MGs

Fabio AndradeMGs stability

Qobad ShafieeSecondary Control

Lexuan MengTertiary Control

Dan WuPrimary Control

Chendan LiMGsAgents

Yajuan GuanAncillary services for MGs

Nelson DiazEnergy storage for MicroGrids

Chi ZhangLVDC distribution MGs

Hengwei LinManagement and Protection for Microgrids

Xin ZhaoAC/DC Hybrid MG

Bo SunEV Charging Stations

PhD GuestsJavier RoldanLVRT & PQ

Valerio MarianiNonlinear Control

Ernane CoelhoMGs modelling

Juan C. Vasquez

Visiting Prof.Min ChenPower Electronics

Yang HanPQ & MV MGs

ET Intelligent MicroGrid Laboratory

Every setup is able to emulate a multi-converter low-voltage Microgrid, local and energy management control programmed in dSPACE real-time control platforms.

DC power line

AC power line

4x Danfoss FC3022.2kW

dSPACE 1006

REGATRON E110830020..800 VDC/0..50A/64KW

SETUP 1 SETUP 2 .…

dSPACE 1006

To emulate long distances

The laboratory is based on 6 workstations• 4 DC-AC power electronics converters,• LCL-filters, • ABB Motorized change-over switches • Kamstrup Smart-meters.

Case Study DES-ET AAU

MainGrid

. . . to Workstation

Power flow

MainGrid

Local distribution network

13 15 17 19 21

8 10 12

Kontor Kontor Målerum Justerrum EDB

Kontor

Lab. for relæ- Sluse

Teknik/reng.

Anlægslab.

Højspændingshal

Kontrolrum

Teknik

Opstilling

El-værksted

VVS-værksted

teknik

H=2,4m

H-toilet Depot

1 2 3 4 5 10

Handicapindgang

13 15 17 19 21

8 10 12

Kontor

Teknik/reng.

Anlægslab.

Højspændingshal

Kontrolrum

Teknik

Opstilling

El-værksted

VVS-værksted

teknik

H=2,4m

H-toilet Depot

1 2 3 4 5 10

Handicapindgang

ET Intelligent MicroGrid Laboratory13 15 17 19 21

8 10 12

Kontor

Teknik/reng.

Anlægslab.

Højspændingshal

Kontrolrum

Teknik

Opstilling

El-værksted

VVS-værksted

teknik

H=2,4m

H-toilet Depot

1 2 3 4 5 10

Handicapindgang

13 15 17 19 21

8 10 12

Kontor

Teknik/reng.

Anlægslab.

Højspændingshal

Kontrolrum

Teknik

Opstilling

El-værksted

VVS-værksted

teknik

H=2,4m

H-toilet Depot

1 2 3 4 5 10

Handicapindgang

Bidirectional pow

er supply

ElectricPanelboard

Workstation 4

DC power lineAC power line SmartMeters

Cabinet

Workstation 3

Workstation 2

Workstation 1

Communication Nodes

Experimental test - DSPACE 1006

Real-time control and monitoring platform through Control-Desk

Electrical schemes from Matlab simpowersystem library are directly compiled into C code and downloaded to the dSPACE

MicroGrids Courses

Oct. 14 – Oct. 152013

Nov. 26 – Nov. 272013 Oct. 16 – Oct. 17

Oct. 28 – Oct. 302013

Industrial/PhD course on EMS and Optimization in

Microgrids - In Theory and Practice

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Microgrid research and activities

Microgrid Research and demonstration projects

Microgrid Research Programme and laboratories

Outline

Micro-Grid Technology Research and Demonstration

MicroGr dResearch

Programme

EUDP Sino-Danish project

Research Practical problems

SSECChinese sideDanish side

2013 Sino Danish Collaboration Project

Objectives: Test problems derived by the microgrid operation Hardware-in-the-loop initial tests

37373737EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013

RED project

200kW MicroGrid based on wind/PV/storage hybrid system

MicroGr dResearch

Programme

PV power generation subsystemPV array installed on the roof of Shanghai ShenZhou New Energy B plant, installed

capacity of 130 kVA, east-west array configuration, adopt the fixed angle best installation.

39 39EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013

Wind power generation subsystem

Total wind power installed capacity: 20kVA. (2 x 10 kW Wind Turbines)

4040404040

EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013

Battery energy storage system, power electronics and control.

4141414141

Data acquisition and control frontend.

EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013 4242424242

434343

43434343

The RED project was successfully finalized with the Microgrid demonstration facility

RED project was a good first step towards our long term project…

Aalborg University – Microgrid Research Programme

Kamstrup A/S – Omnia Suite

Project Partners

Danish Side

Chinese Side Shanghai Solar Energy Ltd – Microgrid implementation

project

Tsinghua University – Leading University in China

Research

Implementation

Demonstration

AAU Kamstrup

SSECTSU

Chinese side

Danish side

454545454545

EUDP Sino-Danish project

Research in the iMGlab-AAU To be Implemented at the facility microgrid in Shanghai

(developed as a result of the RED-project)

Intelligent DC Microgrid Living Lab

i-DClab

MicroGr dResearch

Programme

DSF Sino-Danish project 2014-2017

4747474747

Phase I: Design, modelling and control. Phase II: Coordination control schemes between microgrid elements, including

communication systems and energy management systems for DC microgrids. Phase III: Creation of two Living Labs as a user-centred research concept, to test

innovation systems and elements that can conform a DC microgrid for different applications.

• Home DC Microgrid Living Lab, at AAU to research and test DC distribution for 1-2 family houses

• 工业微网设计 Industrial DC Microgrid Living Lab, At North China Electrical Power University (China), for research, demo and test of energy solutions for commercial buildings.

Intelligent DC Microgrid Living Lab

Future Residential LVDC Power Distribution Architectures

MicroGr dResearch

Programme

DFF project 2014-2016

International ranked research institutions And the Danish Companies

49MicroGrid Research programme: www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

This project will be done in cooperation with:

International ranked research institutions

And the Danish Companies

Phase 1. Design, modelling and controlPhase 2. Coordination and control of power electronic units connected to the DC busPhase 3. Grid integration and interactivity

380Vdc Powered Home

1. Vdc consumer electronics2. 12/24 Vdc wall sockets3. 12 Vdc LED lighting4. 24 Vdc home entertainment system5. 12 Vdc coffee maker6. 12 Vdc refrigerator7. 24 Vdc vacuum cleaner8. 48 Vdc washing machine9. 48 Vdc air conditioner10. 12 Vdc hair dryer11. 48 Vdc whisper wind turbine12. PVs connected in 380vdc bus bar13. 380vdc charger14. 380vdc busway distribution system

Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV

MicroGr dResearch

Programme

ERANET project 2014-2016

5353535353

Zagreb UniversityProf. Igor Kuzle

Narvik University CollegeProf. Bernt A. Bremdal

Aalborg UniversityProf. Josep M. Guerrero

Norway Croatia Denmark

5454545454

International project with 3 main partners (Aalborg University, University of Zagreb and Narvik University)

Focus on 6 areas of research: Integration of energy storage system in distribution grids as a vital

part of smart charging station (CS), Finding optimal storage technology and capacity, Control design of charging stations to allow wide usage of electric

vehicles, Mitigating the impact on power system and providing reserve to

the system operator, Assembly of reduced scale experimental test bench to verify the

simultaneous operation, Coordination concept for the proposed flexible electric vehicle

charging infrastructure.

5555555555

575757 57

EV Charge Scenario

585858 58

595959 59

EV Charge Ports

606060 60

EV with DC fast charge option

616161 61

Unidirectional fast charging station

3 phases

626262 62

Communication for fast charger

636363 63

Charging station with ESS and DG

646464 64

Electric charging station in Iwate, Shizuoka, Japan.

Site communication

Secondary

control

Electric VehiclesFlywheels

Batteries

WP4DSO/TSO

ControlDC bus

Control

Utility main

Hybrid ESS

Supercaps

. . . .

Flexible Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Flex-ChEV

RES PVWT

Supervisory

controller

656565 65

EVCS can/may participate with the grid frequency?

Utility main Grid

Secondary control

Electric VehiclesFlywheelsBatteries

DSO/TSO

Primary Control

DC bus

Hybrid ESSSupercaps

. . . .

Primary ControlLV Resistive lines assumption

Grid forming EVCSf = f* – m(Q – Q*)

Grid following EVCSQ = Q* – kf(f – f*)

Secondary controldQ = PI(f* – f)

666666 66

EVCS can/may participate with the voltage support?

Secondary control

DSO/TSO

Primary Control

DC bus

Hybrid ESSSupercaps

. . . .

Primary ControlLV Resistive lines assumption

Grid forming EVCSV = V* – m(P – P*)

Grid following EVCSP = P* – kv(V – V*)

Secondary controldP = PI(V* – V)

676767 67

EVCS can/may coordinate harmonic/unbalance compensation?

Whac-a-mole effect

Primary controlHarmonic virtual impedance

Secondary controlHarmonic/unbalance coordination control

686868 68

EVCS can/may coordinate unbalance compensation?

Secondary control

DSO/TSO

Primary Control

DC bus

Hybrid ESSSupercaps

. . . .

696969 69

Functionalities of the EVCS

P/Q coordinationFrequency participationVoltage supportUnbalance compensationHarmonics sharing

Dragicevic, Tomislav; Pandžić, Hrvoje; Škrlec, Davor; Kuzle, Igor; Guerrero, Josep M.; Kirschen, Daniel ” Capacity Optimization of Renewable Energy Sources and Battery Storage in an Autonomous Telecommunication Facility.I E E E Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014.

Dragicevic, Tomislav; Shafiee, Qobad; Wu, Dan; Meng, Lexuan; Vasquez, Juan Carlos; Guerrero, Josep M. / Modeling and Control of Flexible HEV Charging Station upgraded with Flywheel Energy Storage.Proceedings of the 11th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, SSD 2014. IEEE Press, 2014.

El Fadil, Hassan; Giri, Fouad; Guerrero, Josep M. / Modeling and Nonlinear Control of Fuel Cell / Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles.In: I E E E Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2014.

Dragicevic, Tomislav; Vasquez, Juan Carlos; Guerrero, Josep M.; Skrlec, Davor / Advanced LVDC Electrical Power Architectures and Microgrids : A Step towards a New Generation of Power Distribution Networks.In: I E E E Electrification Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 1, 03.2014, p. 54-65 .

Dragicevic, Tomislav; Guerrero, Josep M.; Sucic, Stepjan / Flywheel-Based Distributed Bus Signalling Strategy for the Public Fast Charging Station. In: I E E E Transactions on Smart Grid, 2014.

Gouveia, C.; Moreira, C.L.; Lopes, J.A.P., "Microgrids emergency management exploiting EV, demand response and energy storage units," PowerTech (POWERTECH), 2013 IEEE Grenoble , vol., no., pp.1,6, 16-20 June 2013

J.A. Peças Lopes, Silvan A. Polenz, C.L. Moreira, Rachid Cherkaoui, Identification of control and management strategies for LV unbalanced microgrids with plugged-in electric vehicles, Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 80, Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 898-906.

References

Research Challenges in MicroGrid technologies

Thank you for your attention!

Juan C. Vasquez juq@et.aau.dkJosep M. Guerrero joz@et.aau.dk

MicroGr dRESEARCH

PROGRAMME

For cooperation or further information, please contact us:

www.microgrids.aau.dk

josep guerrero as keynote speaker at energycon2014

microgrid technologies

mw pv microgrid

control signals

local eps

residential microgrids

electrical power systems

local residential energy

area eps islands

Engineering

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